Deoxynivalenol Impairs Porcine Intestinal Host Defense Peptide Expression in Weaned Piglets and IPEC-J2 Cells

Abstract

Host defense peptides (HDPs) are efficient defense components of the innate immune system, playing critical roles in intestinal homeostasis and protection against pathogens. This study aims to investigate the interference effects of DON on the intestinal porcine HDPs expression in piglets and intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) cells, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which it functions. In an animal experiment, intestinal HDPs were determined in weaned piglets fed control and 1.28 mg/kg or 2.89 mg/kg DON-contaminated diets. Dietary exposure to DON significantly decreased piglet average daily gain, increased intestinal permeability and depressed the expression of porcine β-defensin1 (pBD1), pBD2, pBD3, epididymis protein 2 splicing variant C (pEP2C), PMAP23, and proline/arginine-rich peptide of 39 amino acids (PR39) in the intestine (p < 0.05). In IPEC-J2 cells, DON decreased cell viability and inhibited the expression of pBD1, pBD3, pEP2C, PG1-5, and PR39 (p < 0.05). NOD2, key regulator that is responsible for HDPs production, was markedly downregulated, whereas caspase-12 was activated in the presence of DON. In conclusion, DON induced caspase-12 activation and inhibited the NOD2-mediated HDPs production, which led to an impaired intestinal barrier integrity of weaned piglets. Our study provides a promising target for future therapeutic strategies to prevent the adverse effects of DON.

Proanthocyanidins Alleviates AflatoxinB1-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis through Mitochondrial Pathway in the Bursa of Fabricius of Broilers

“…The primer sequences of each gene used in this study are listed in Table 2. The 2 −△△ C t method was used for quantification with the β-actin as a reference gene, and the relative abundance was normalized to the control (as 1) [49,50]. The findings were expressed as relative mRNA levels.…”

Dual Function of a Novel Bacterium, Slackia sp. D-G6: Detoxifying Deoxynivalenol and Producing the Natural Estrogen Analogue, Equol

“…Six temperature, 27,32,37,42,47, and 52 • C, and 9 pH conditions, 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, and 11 were analyzed. D-G6 was inoculated into 0.2 ml WCA medium plus 50% Ext at an initial density of 10 7 -10 8 CFU/mL.…”

“…The mammalian intestinal tract is a major target of DON. Reportedly, DON impaired the expression of porcine intestinal host defense peptides in weaned piglets, thereby increasing intestinal permeability and significantly decreasing average daily weight gain [6,7]. Additionally, DON targets the innate immune system [8,9].…”

Transcriptome-wide assessment of the m6A methylome of intestinal porcine epithelial cells treated with deoxynivalenol

“…Deoxynivalenol (DON) is among the most important mycotoxins associated with impaired intestinal integrity; moreover, it evidently exhibits proin ammatory and immunomodulatory properties [14]. In some previous studies involving an intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2), exposure to DON was found to induce oxidative stress and in ammation, eventually causing accelerated apoptotic cell death and impaired functionality [15][16][17][18]. The m 6 A status of DON-treated IPEC-J2 cells has not been assessed so far.…”