Deposition of the Upper Rewa Sandstone Formation of Proterozoic Rewa Group of the Vindhyan Basin, M.P., India: A Reappraisal

Abstract

The Upper Rewa Sandstone Formation of the Rewa Group in the Vindhyan basin is composed mainly of medium to very fine grained, iron pigmented arenaceous rocks variously interpreted as fluvial, marine or continental deposits. The Upper Rewa Sandstone Formation consists of channelized, laterally shifting sand bodies comprising 1-2 m thick fining upward (FU) sharply/erosionally based cycles. Each shoaling bar cycle is characterized by presence of large scale planar and trough cross-bedding, horizontal bedding showing primary parting lineation, wave and current ripples, herringbone cross-bedding and tidal bundles with double mud-drapes and indicates marine environment of deposition and rule out the possibility of continental sedimentation. However, channelized nature of sand bodies composed of shoaling bar cycles with signatures of wave modification and exposure in the lower part of the succession and well developed horizontally bedded lithofacies showing primary parting lineation and well sorted character of sandstones in the upper part of the succession may imply deposition under subtidal to intertidal setting in estuarine to bordering beach environments. The palaeocurrent study shows polymodal to bimodal and unimodal palaeocurrent patterns. The dominant polymodal palaeocurrent patterns with temporal trends directed towards NW, N and SW also corroborate marine origin and sediment dispersal under combined action of wave and currents. Petrographically, sandstone is quartzarenite and consists of mostly monocrystalline quartz, feldspar, mica, rock-fragments and heavy minerals such as hypersthene, zircon, hornblende, tourmaline, rutile, augite, kyanite and andalusite indicating sediment contribution from mixed sedimentary/metamorphic and igneous source terrain. Qm-F-Lt and Qt- F-Lt plots reveal that the Upper Rewa Sandstone Formation shows continental block province with stable craton (C) and in uplifted basement (B) where C>B.

Record of Additional Middle Eocene Vertebrate Remains from the Mikir Hills, NE India: Implications on Paleoenvironment and Paleobiogeography

“…The supply of clastics and carbonaceous matter from land was huge, which caused sea level regression [17]. Coastal progradation took place, sand was transported to subtidal conditions and occasionally below in transitional part of the inner neritic zone [35] [36] [37], where it was deposited in tidal channel sand shoaling bars. In subtidal neritic zone, the Shale Lithofacies Association containing microfossils of smaller benthic foraminifers was deposited under rather low energy conditions [38] [39].…”

Detrital zircon U-Pb ages of Proterozoic and Cretaceous sandstones of Narmada region in Central India: Implications for provenance and the closure age of the Vindhyan Basin

“…Combining past studies and the present geochronological data, potential sources for these zircons could be inferred as the Archean Bundelkhand Gneissic complex, gneissic and granitic rocks of the CITZ (mainly Mahakoshal Belt) which are exposed close to the Vindhyan Basin, and the recycled sedimentary rocks/sandstones of the Rewa and Kaimur Groups. It is important to note here that north, northwest and west directed paleocurrent patterns have been reported for the Upper Vindhyan sediments (Akhtar, 1978;Ansari, 1994;Bhattacharya and Morad, 1993;Verma and Shukla, 2015), which indicate that the detritus is largely coming from the south, southeast or east of the Vindhyan belt. Multiple lines of evidence including the north and northwest (west) directed paleocurrent patterns (Akhtar, 1978;Ansari, 1994;Bhattacharya and Morad, 1993;Raza and Casshyap, 1996;Verma and Shukla, 2015) and detrital zircon geochronology suggest the Satpura-Mahakoshal/Bijawar highlands (CITZ) lying in the south and southeast (east) of the basin as the dominant source of detritus for the Upper Vindhyan sandstones exposed in and around Bhopal (Fig.…”

Discussion on Hundru fall as a knick point, Iharkhand, India

“…The river Subarnarekha lies on the edge of the Ranchi plateau, which is pre-Cambrian origin (Meert & Pandit 2014). This river is the carrying ferruginous sediment (Verma & Shukla 2015). This river bed has an early Cretaceous to Holocene sedimentary succession (Ghosh & Guchhait 2015).…”

“…4) of Tamar Porapahar Shear Zone (Bally, et al 1980). The upper catchment of Subarnarekha is (Verma & Shukla 2015) (the upper catchment of Subarnarekha) full of diversities and it is the (Ranchi plateau) convergent point (Fig. 5) of trio microplate boundary; such as the Satpura mobile belt (orogeny), Chhotonagpur Gneiss Complex and north Singhbhum mobile craton (Fig.…”