Depreme Maruz Kalmış Yığma ve Kırsal Yapı Davranışlarının İncelenerek Yığma Yapı Yapımında Dikkat Edilmesi Gereken Kuralların Derlenmesi

Abstract

ÖzetBu çalışmada, yığma yapılarda depremler sonrası oluşmuş hasar şekilleri, geçmişte yapılan çalışmalar da incelenerek ortaya konulmaya, yığma yapı davranışının özellikle deprem yükleri altında irdelenmesine ve bu hususta bazı öneriler getirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Literatürde dağınık olarak bulunan önerilerin başlıcaları birleştirilerek, genelde yığma ve özelde kırsal yapı yapımında dikkat edilmesi gereken kuralların formüle edilmesi amaçlanmış, depremler sonrası hasarların ağırlıklı olarak, bu kurallardan hangisinin ihlalinden dolayı oluştuğu gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır.Anahtar Sözcükler: deprem, kırsal yapı, yapısal davranış yığma yapı Examined to the Behavior of Earthquake Exposed Masonry And Rural Buildings With Construction Rules to be Considered in Masonry Structures AbstractIn this study, any damage after earthquakes in masonry forms, past studies have tried to put forward in examining. Particularly of masonry structures under seismic loads to be examined behavioral and has tried to bring some recommendations in this regard. The main proposal of combining scattered and partially identified in the literature generally should be considered in making the rules on rural buildings and private stockpiling has tried to be formulated. Mainly the damage after the earthquake, it has tried to show that which arises from the violation of these rules.

Investigation of Earthquake Behaviour of Construction System and Materials in Traditional Turkish Architecture

“…In reviewing one or two of these with the objective of assessing the construction systems; 14,156 buildings were damaged in the 1995 Dinar Earthquake, whereas wooden framed structures sustained little or no damage. The amount of damage sustained in masonry structures in the 1992 Erzincan and 1995 Dinar earthquakes was found to be of a lower rate than other structures [9]. Langenbach stated that masonry structures remained more intact than reinforced concrete buildings as a result of the earthquake that struck Armenia on 7 December, 1988 [14].…”

“…In comparing masonry structures to reinforced concrete framed structures, the wall in masonry systems are simple and continual, serving as a curtain door [9]. In masonry structure walls, the tensile strength of wall blocks is very low.…”

Deprem Mevzuati Bağlaminda Türki̇ye’deki̇ Geleneksel Ahşap Karkas Yapi Kurallarinin Anali̇zi̇

“…Bu süreçteki en önemli deprem, Gediz (Ms=7,2) depremidir. 28 Mart 1970'de meydana gelen Gediz depreminde ağır hasar alan yapıların büyük bir bölümü yığma yapıdır (Koç, 2016). Gediz ve köylerini etkileyen depremin öncesinde, bölgede ahĢap karkas yapı geleneğinin yaygın olduğu bilinmektedir (ġahin Güçhan, 2013).…”

2017 Ayvacık Depremlerinden Etkilenen Yukarıköy Geleneksel Taş Evlerinin Durumu

“…In masonry stone structures, using larger and better-quality stones at corner points is a necessary detail to be applied. "If structural elements are used with different dimensions, care should be taken to use large elements and masonry techniques in the joining areas during the construction" (Koç 2016). The stones placed on top of each other in an interlocking manner with the effect of friction ensure that the structure remains standing without disturbing the integrity of the structure during the earthquake.…”

“…"A roof protects a building against external factors as well as shielding the interior against the effects of cold and hot weather" (Koç 2016) For this purpose, the choice of bearing and insulation details of the roof is critical. Due to economic concerns and lack of information on the structures built in rural areas, a very thick and heavy earth ceiling is used to provide thermal insulation.…”