Depression and Anxiety in Health Care Workers during COVID-19

Abstract

<p><strong>Background and Objective: </strong>Pakistan has been sternly affected by COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) since March, 2020. This study was intended to evaluate the mental health among health care workers throughout the epidemic and to sight see the possible influence factors. <strong>Methods: </strong>A web-based cross-sectional survey composed of n = 237 self-selected health care workers was conducted. Their demographics, COVID-19 associated knowledge, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were noted. <strong>Results: </strong>This study received n = 237 responses. A total of (59%) of the participants belonged to age group 20-30 years. Females (56.3%) were more among all of them. Regarding marital status, (44.5%) were unmarried. Out of n = 237 participants, there were (62%) doctors, (34%) nurses and (4%) paramedical staff. Depression and anxiety prevailed in about (34.6%) and (42.2%) of participants respectively. Moderate depression was reported equally by doctors and nurses. Severe anxiety was found in (25%) while borderline anxiety in (17%) of all the participants. Nurses reported more severity in depression while comparing to doctors. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Females were slightly more depressed than males and anxiety was more common than depression especially in health workers from Sahiwal. Depression was seen more commonly in married individuals while comparing to singles. Risk of transmission of COVID-19 to family was most stressful for the participants and more than half of them affirmed it.</p>

The effects of COVID-19 victimization distress and racial bias on mental health among AIAN, Asian, Black, and Latinx young adults.

“…Content may be shared at no cost, but any requests to reuse this content in part or whole must go through the American Psychological Association. A critical finding of the present study is that the COVID-19 pandemic represents a unique situation in which employed young racial/minority adults face greater risk for depression and anxiety (McKnight-Eily et al, 2021;Mehdi et al, 2020). Our data suggest this is not only due to the infection risks associated with work outside the home during the pandemic, but also due to increased engagement in cross-race interactions that increased exposure to victimization and racial bias, based in part on social perceptions that racial minorities were more likely to be infected with the virus (Goldman et al, 2021).…”

“…These findings have been attributed to the fact that racial minorities in the U.S. seek mental health clinical care at rates well below their need, face discrimination during diagnosis and treatment, suffer from misdiagnosis and clinician bias, and within their communities mental health may be shrouded by silence and shame (Baldwin et al, 2020; Harkness et al, 2020; Mental Heath America, 2021; Novacek et al, 2020; Vilsaint et al, 2019). Further, although prior research has repeatedly reported on the protective effect of employment on mental health (McGee & Thompson, 2015; Paul & Moser, 2009), during the pandemic, employed individuals, especially those whose work involves in-person contact, are experiencing higher levels of depression and anxiety (McKnight-Eily et al, 2021; Mehdi et al, 2020). In 2020, people under the age of 30 accounted for more than 20% of COVID-19 cases, with young Black, Latinx young adults at greater risk than their counterparts; due in part to their disproportionate employment in health care, food, and essential services (Leidman et al, 2021).…”

COVID-19 Kliniklerinde Çalışan Sağlık Personelinin Umutsuzluk, Depresyon ve Travma Sonrası Büyüme Durumları

“…(2012) tarafından yapılmış olup, faktör analizleri ölçeğin 5 faktörden oluştuğunu göstermiştir. 19 23 Ülkemizde hemşirelerin çalışma koşullarına yönelik yaşadıkları sorunlar nedeniyle kaygı ve depresyon düzeyleri yükselmiş ve psikososyal risklerle karşı karşıya kalmışlardır. 24 Bu durum pandemi sürecinde çalışan hemşirelerin personel yetersizliği nedeniyle izinsiz çalışmaları, uzun çalışma saatleri, yetersiz dinlenme süreleri ve çalışma arkadaşlarının aniden COVID-19 tanısı almaları nedeni ile fazla mesaiye kalma gibi zor çalışma koşullarından kaynaklanmış olabilir.…”

Emotional status of children aged 7 to 17 of health workers and in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional comparative study in Belgium

“…Because of their work environment and subsequent potential exposure to COVID-19, healthcare workers present a high prevalence of early onset mental health disorders with mainly depressive and anxious symptoms [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Risk of transmission to family members was reported to be one of the caregivers' major concerns [16,19].…”