Depth dose measurements in water for 11C and 10C beams with therapy relevant energies

Boscolo, Daria; Kostyleva, D.; Schuy, Christoph; Weber, Uli; Haettner, E.; Purushothaman, S.; Dendooven, P.; Dickel, T.; Drozd, V.; Franczack, Bernhard; Geißel, H.; Hornung, C.; Horst, Felix; Kazantseva, E.; Kuzminchuk-Feuerstein, N.; Lovatti, Giulio; Mukha, I.; Nociforo, C.; Pinto, Marco; Reidel, Claire-Anne; Roesch, Heidi; Sokol, Olga; Tanaka, Y. K.; Weick, H.; Zhao, J.; Scheidenberger, C.; Parodi, Katia; Durante, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2022.167464

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Examples of identified secondary 10 C and 11 C beams are shown in figure 1. The level of contaminants in this experiment was on the order of few percent (Boscolo et al 2022).…”

Section: Radioactive Ion Beams Produced With the Fragment Separator Frsmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Precision of the PET activity range during irradiation with ¹⁰C, ¹¹C, and ¹²C beams

Kostyleva

Purushothaman²,

Dendooven³

et al. 2022

Phys. Med. Biol.

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\textit{Objective}. Beams of stable ions have been a well-established tool for radiotherapy for many decades. In the case of ion beam therapy with stable $^{12}$C ions, the positron emitters $^{10,11}$C are produced via projectile and target fragmentation, and their decays enable visualization of the beam via positron emission tomography (PET). However, the PET activity peak matches the Bragg peak only roughly and PET counting statistics is low. These issues can be mitigated by using a short-lived positron emitter as a therapeutic beam. \textit{Approach.} An experiment studying the precision of the measurement of ranges of positron emitting carbon isotopes by means of PET has been performed at the FRS fragment-separator facility of GSI Helmholtzzentrum f"ur Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Germany. The PET scanner used in the experiment is a dual-panel version of a Siemens Biograph mCT PET scanner. \textit{Main results.} High quality in-beam PET images and activity distributions have been measured from the in-flight produced positron emitting isotopes $^{11}$C and $^{10}$C implanted into homogeneous PMMA phantoms. Taking advantage of the high statistics obtained in this experiment, we investigated the time evolution of the uncertainty of the range determined by means of PET during the course of an irradiation, and show that the uncertainty improves with the inverse square root of the number of PET counts. The uncertainty is thus fully determined by the PET counting statistics. During the delivery of 1.6$\times$10$^7$ ions in 4 spills for a total duration of 19.2~s, the PET activity range uncertainty for $^{10}$C, $^{11}$C and $^{12}$C is 0.04, 0.7 and 1.3~mm, respectively. The gain in precision related to the PET counting statistics is thus much larger when going from $^{11}$C to $^{10}$C than when going from $^{12}$C to $^{11}$C. The much better precision for $^{10}$C is due to its much shorter half-life, which, contrary to the case of $^{11}$C, also enables to include the in-spill data in the image formation. \textit{Significance}. Our results can be used to estimate the contribution from PET counting statistics to the precision of range determination in a particular carbon therapy situation, taking into account the irradiation scenario, the required dose and the PET scanner characteristics.

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“…Examples of identified secondary 10 C and 11 C beams are shown in figure 1. The level of contaminants in this experiment was on the order of few percent (Boscolo et al 2022).…”

Section: Radioactive Ion Beams Produced With the Fragment Separator Frsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The activity measurements were immediately followed by a measurement of the depth-dose distribution of the same beam by a high-precision water column setup placed downstream of the PET scanner (not shown in figure 2). This provided independent range measurements of the incoming beams, see (Boscolo et al 2022) for details.…”

Section: Pmma Phantommentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision of the PET activity range during irradiation with ¹⁰C, ¹¹C, and ¹²C beams

Kostyleva

Purushothaman²,

Dendooven³

et al. 2022

Phys. Med. Biol.

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“…The BARB (Biomedical Applications of Radioactive Beams) project at GSI, aims at pre-clinical validation of in vivo beam visualization in heavy ion beam therapy with positron emitting carbon and oxygen isotopes and related basic studies [28][29][30][31] . As a part of this project, experiments were performed with the fragment separator FRS studying the evolution of the PET image during irradiation with positron emitters of carbon ( 10 C and 11 C) and oxygen ( 14 O and 15 O).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi-real-time range monitoring by in-beam PET: A case for 15O

Purushothaman

Kostyleva

Dendooven

et al. 2023

Preprint

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fast and reliable range monitoring method is required to take full advantage of the high linear energy transfer (LET) provided by therapeutic ion beams like carbon and oxygen while minimizing damage to healthy tissue due to range uncertainties. Quasi-real-time range monitoring using in-beam positron emission tomography (PET) with positron-emitting isotopes of carbon and oxygen is a promising approach. The number of implanted ions and the time required for an unambiguous range verification are decisive factors for choosing a candidate isotope. An experimental study was performed at the FRS fragment-separator facility of GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Germany, to investigate the evolution of positron annihilation activity profiles during the implantation of 14O and 15O ion beams in a PMMA phantom. The positron activity profile was imaged by a dual-panel version of a Siemens Biograph mCT PET scanner. Results from a similar experiment using ion beams of carbon positron-emitters 11C and 10C performed at the same experimental setup were used for comparison. Owing to their shorter half-lives, the number of implanted ions required for a precise positron annihilation activity peak determination is lower for 10C compared to 11C and likewise for 14O compared to 15O, but their lower production cross-section makes it challenging to produce them with intensities of therapeutical needs. With a similar production cross-section and a 10 times shorter half-life than 11C, 15O provides a faster conclusive positron annihilation activity peak position determination for a lower number of implanted ions compared to 11C. We conclude that 15O is technically the most feasible candidate among positron emitters of carbon and oxygen for quasi-real-time in-beam range monitoring in ion beam therapy. The study also demonstrated that 15O beams of therapeutical quality in terms of purity, energy, and energy spread can be produced by the in-flight production and separation method.

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“…The work on RIBs characterization and clinical application has been resumed in frames of the BARB (Biomedical Applications of Radioactive ion Beams) project 18 funded by the European Research Council (ERC) in 2020. There have been already two successful experimental campaigns in 2021 aimed at the RIB characterization and first imaging tests with PET detectors, however, these are not part of this work and will be presented in separate contributions 19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential benefits of using radioactive ion beams for range margin reduction in carbon ion therapy

Sokol

Cella

Boscolo

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Sharp dose gradients and high biological effectiveness make ions such as 12C an ideal tool to treat deep-seated tumors, however, at the same time, sensitive to errors in the range prediction. Tumor safety margins mitigate these uncertainties, but during the irradiation they lead to unavoidable damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. To fully exploit the Bragg peak benefits, a large effort is put into establishing precise range verification methods. Despite positron emission tomography being widely in use for this purpose in 12C therapy, the low count rates, biological washout, and broad activity distribution still limit its precision. Instead, radioactive beams used directly for treatment would yield an improved signal and a closer match with the dose fall-off, potentially enabling precise in vivo beam range monitoring. We have performed a treatment planning study to estimate the possible impact of the reduced range uncertainties, enabled by radioactive 11C ions treatments, on sparing critical organs in tumor proximity. Compared to 12C treatments, (i) annihilation maps for 11C ions can reflect sub- millimeter shifts in dose distributions in the patient, (ii) outcomes of treatment planning with 11C significantly improve and (iii) less severe toxicities for serial and parallel critical organs can be expected.

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Depth dose measurements in water for 11C and 10C beams with therapy relevant energies

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Precision of the PET activity range during irradiation with ¹⁰C, ¹¹C, and ¹²C beams

Precision of the PET activity range during irradiation with ¹⁰C, ¹¹C, and ¹²C beams

Quasi-real-time range monitoring by in-beam PET: A case for 15O

Potential benefits of using radioactive ion beams for range margin reduction in carbon ion therapy

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Depth dose measurements in water for 11C and 10C beams with therapy relevant energies

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Precision of the PET activity range during irradiation with 10C, 11C, and 12C beams

Precision of the PET activity range during irradiation with 10C, 11C, and 12C beams

Quasi-real-time range monitoring by in-beam PET: A case for 15O

Potential benefits of using radioactive ion beams for range margin reduction in carbon ion therapy

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Product

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Precision of the PET activity range during irradiation with ¹⁰C, ¹¹C, and ¹²C beams

Precision of the PET activity range during irradiation with ¹⁰C, ¹¹C, and ¹²C beams