Depth perception in tablet-based augmented reality at medium- and far-field distances

Distance estimation with mixed real and virtual targets in stereoscopic displays

“…Underestimation was also reported in few other studies such as in [19]. Kuparinen et al [17] replicated the method used by Lappin et al [20] in real world to evaluate distance perception in tablet-based AR, and revealed mixed results; overestimation and underestimation at 15 m and 30 m respectively. Interestingly, in Singh et al [15] AR estimations were observed to be accurate in near field distance when blind reaching was employed.…”

“…In egocentric distances, the observer is used as the center of reference and the distance measurement is made between the observer and the target, whereas in exocentric space distances are measured between two targets in the environment other than the observer but the center of reference is still the observer [12]. Compared to real world, egocentric distance estimation is inaccurate in augmented reality [13][14][15][16][17] Corujeira and Oakley [16] compared distance perception of real objects with that viewed in HMDs and 3D stereo displays and found underestimation in all conditions, while the compression is reduced in HMD and 3D stereo when the targets are displayed at lower viewing height. Similarly, Dey et al [18] conducted four experiments to study effect of AR X-ray and display (size and resolution) on egocentric distances for handheld devices.…”