Der Einfluss Bakterieller Pyrogene (Lipopolysaccharide) auf die Phagocytoseaktivit�t der Granulocyten und auf die elektrische Oberfl�chenladung menschlicher Blutzellen in vivo

Bergmann, H.; Buschmann, G.; Doering, P; Fritze, E.; Wendt, F.

doi:10.1007/bf01467091

Cited by 21 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The mechanisms underlying these reactions are not clear• Previous investigators have observed that the in vitro effects of endotoxin on blood leucocytes are associated with changes in the surface properties of the cells. Bergmann et al (16) have described increased electrophoretic mobility of endotoxin-treated leucocytes, and Meier and Sch~,r (17) have shown more rapid migration of leucocytes from plasma clots. A related in vivo phenomenon may be the increased adhesiveness of circulating leucocytes following the intravenous injection of endotoxin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional and Metabolic Properties of Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes

Cohn

Morse

1960

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

127

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The effects of a purified bacterial lipopolysaccharide endotoxin on homogenous populations of rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes have been studied in vitro under defined conditions. Employing a 500-fold range of concentration (0.1 to 50.0 µg./ml.), it was shown that endotoxin enhanced the rate at which staphylococci were killed by leucocytes. The mechanism underlying the increased killing was found to be a direct stimulation of the phagocytic activity of the leucocyte and not mediated by the release of bactericidins or opsonins from the treated cells. In the presence of 10 per cent serum all concentrations of endotoxin enhanced phagocytosis, whereas at lower serum concentrations, the higher doses of lipopolysaccharide inhibited the phagocytic activity of the cells. Similar concentrations of endotoxin were capable of increasing the utilization of glucose and the production of lactic acid. Endotoxin treated leucocytes exhibited no change in oxygen consumption, and only a slight depression in glycogen synthesis. It appeared that endotoxin could interact and alter the functional and metabolic properties of leucocytes in the absence of serum. The demonstration of enhanced phagocytic activity of endotoxin-treated cells was dependent upon the particular opsonic requirements for the organism under study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional and Metabolic Properties of Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes

Cohn

Morse

1960

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

127

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“…In unserer Fragestellung interessierte weniger die pyrogene Reaktion, die überdies bei kürzeren Applikationsintervallen Dosissteigerungen erforderlich macht, sondern speziell der hämatogene Effekt. Hierüber liegen schon einige Untersuchungsergebnisse vor (7,8,9,10,11,12). Sie lassen übereinstimmend eine mehr oder weniger ausgeprägte Leukozytose mit Linksverschiebung erkennen, welche von der Funktionsreserve des Knochenmarks abhängig zu sein scheint.…”

Section: B Chonéunclassified

“…Bereits 0,2 bis 0,5 y Pyrexal haben -i.v. appliziert -eine charakteristische Fieber-und Blutbildreaktion zur Folge, die mit einer gesteigerten Phagozytoseaktivität der Blutgranulozyten einhergeht (8,11). Diese Beobachtung kann sowohl im Laufe der Reizkörpertherapie beim Menschen als auch im Tierexperiment bestätigt werden.…”

Section: B Chonéunclassified

Pyrexal als Funktionstest des Knochenmarkes bei fraktionierter und einzeitiger Ganzkörperbestrahlung von Ratten

Choné¹

1961

Nuklearmedizin

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ZusammenfassungMit fraktionierten, subletalen Dosen ganzkörperbestrahlte Ratten wurden laufenden Funktionstesten mit Pyrexal unterzogen. Die Injektion der Substanz erfolgte in die Schwanzvene, was auch bei wiederholter Applikation in der Regel keine technischen Schwierigkeiten bereitete. Auf jegliche Zusatzmaßnahmen (Narkose, Antibiotika oder Infusionen) wurde dabei verzichtet, um Störfaktoren exogener Art auszuschalten. Die summarische Auswertung läßt den Schluß zu, daß mit zunehmender Strahlendosis neben einem kontinuierlichen Absinken der Leukozytenzahl auch das Ausmaß des Granulozytenanstieges nach Pyrexalreiz abnimmt. Dieser Kurvenverlauf entspricht den Erwartungen bezüglich hämatogener Wirkungen nach GKB. Unter Berücksichtigung der verabfolgten Gesamtdosis von 700 bis 1400 r ist die erzeugte Funktionsschwäche des Knochenmarks aber auffallend gering. Diese Feststellung gilt auch für die Belastung der einmaligen GKB entsprechend hoher Dosisleistung. Der Zusammenbruch der Leukozytenregulation tritt offensichtlich erst nach weitgehender Destruktion des Knochenmarkes ein (zwischen 36 und 60 Std. p. irrad.). Die Auswirkungen auf das Knochenmark sind demnach in Form einer zeitgebundenen Dosiswirkungskurve registrierbar, was zugleich Rückschlüsse auf die verabfolgte Strahlendosis zuläßt.

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Why Does the Sugar Disappear from C.S.F. in Meningitis?

Petersdorf¹

1960

Am J Dis Child

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It has been known for over 100 years that the cerebrospinal fluid contains a reducing substance, for nearly 75 years that this material consists predominantly of glucose, and for almost 50 years that glucose disappears from the spinal fluid in purulent meningitis. Subsequently it has been demonstrated repeatedly that the C.S.F. sugar may also be diminished in tuberculosis, syphilis, brain abscess, cryptococcosis, sarcoidosis, carcinomatosis of the leptomeninges, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Despite this plethora of clinical data, the reason for hypoglycorrhachia in one or all of these states has been the subject of long debate and extensive study.* This analysis will deal primarily with bacterial meningitis since it seems to be the prototype of diseases in which a fall in C.S.F. sugar occurs.This does not imply, however, that the mechanisms governing the decrease in glucose in one disease are the same as in another.Normally the level of glucose in the C.S.F. closely parallels that in the blood. This has been corroborated in artificially induced hyper-and hypoglycemia in ani¬ mals and man. In bacterial, including tuberculous, and fungal meningitis this rela¬ tionship is disrupted and the C.S.F. sugar reaches abnormally low levels. In most viral meningitides, however, it remains within the normal range. This suggested to many early investigators that the bacteria were instrumental in producing glycolysis in the spinal fluid and that in their absence this phenomenon did not take place. Some doubt was shed upon this interpretation, however, by the inconsistent results obtained when a variety of bacterial species were incubated in sterile spinal fluid in vitro.24 Under these conditions either no glycolysis occurred or the number of bac¬ teria necessary to produce a fall in sugar far exceeded that usually seen in clinical infections. Employing pneumococci, we have observed that these organisms con-The reader is referred to a recent review for a summary of the older literature and pertinent references.

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Der Einfluss Bakterieller Pyrogene (Lipopolysaccharide) auf die Phagocytoseaktivit�t der Granulocyten und auf die elektrische Oberfl�chenladung menschlicher Blutzellen in vivo

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Functional and Metabolic Properties of Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes

Functional and Metabolic Properties of Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes

Pyrexal als Funktionstest des Knochenmarkes bei fraktionierter und einzeitiger Ganzkörperbestrahlung von Ratten

Why Does the Sugar Disappear from C.S.F. in Meningitis?

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