Design and characterization of nanocarriers loaded with Levofloxacin for enhanced antimicrobial activity; physicochemical properties, in vitro release and oral acute toxicity

Abstract

Inorganic and carbon based nanomaterials are widely used against several diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune diseases as well as fungi and bacteria colonization. In this work, Santa Barbara Amorphous mesoporous silica (SBA), Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) were loaded with fluoroquinolone Levofloxacin (LVF) to be applied as antimicrobial agents. The prepared via adsorption nanocarriers were characterized by Fourier-Transformed Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy as well as High Pressure liquid Chromatography. In vitro release studies were carried out using Simulated Body Fluid at 37 o C and data analyzed by various kinetic models showing slow dissolution over 12-24 hours. Antimicrobial studies showed improved antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis compared to neat nanomaterials. CNTs were found to be the most promising candidates for LVF delivery and they were chosen to be further studied for their acute oral toxicity and histopathological examination using C57/Black mice. Histological examination depicted that drug loading did not affect mice organs morphology as well as hepatocyte degeneration, central vein degeneration and parenchymal necrosis scores. To conclude, the prepared nanomaterials present significant characteristics and can act as antimicrobial drug carriers; CNTs found to be safe candidates when orally fed to mice.

In vitro–in vivo evaluation of tetrahydrozoline‐loaded ocular in situ gels on rabbits for allergic conjunctivitis management

“…In general, the possible interactions might occur between polymers and drugs molecules can lead to undesirable effects as instability or incompatibility of the formulations (Jayaraj et al, 2010; Siafaka et al, 2019; Siafaka, Okur, et al, 2019; Üstündağ Okur et al, 2019). The study of such interactions can be performed via FT‐IR spectroscopy which is a widely useful technique in pharmaceutical technology (Siafaka et al, 2016; Siafaka, Barmbalexis, & Bikiaris, 2016a).…”

“…Finally, in the case of n > 1.0 super case II transport is apparent ‘ n ’ is the slope value of log mt/m∞ versus log time curve. When the release mechanism is mainly based on Fickian diffusion, a dimensionless expression of the Higuchi model can be applied (Siafaka et al, 2019; Üstündağ‐Okur et al, 2015).…”

Sustainable waste management and recycling of Zn–Al layered double hydroxide after adsorption of levofloxacin as a safe anti-inflammatory nanomaterial

“…54 Through FTIR investigations, some levo bands were observed in the Zn-Al LDH/levo nanocomposite spectrum, which conrmed the successful loading of levo onto the Zn-Al LDH surface, as observed in the appearance of peaks at 2037, 1497 and 1087-1036 cm À1 , which are related to C-O-C, C-O and C-F, respectively. 28,47,50,[54][55][56][57][58] Besides this, some peaks were shied to a lower wavenumber, as shown in Table 2. 3.1.3.…”

Design of cefaclor monohydrate containing nanoparticles with extended antibacterial effect by Nano-Spray dryer: A Nanoenglobing study

“…It has been shown in many studies that these criteria are used to select the correct release kinetics [20,31]. In most studies, R 2 has been reported to be the most important criterion for model selection [32,33,34,35]. The highest R 2 , R 2 adjusted and MSC values and the lowest AIC values were used for evaluating for several models.…”