Design and evaluation of hydrogen electricity reconversion pathways in national energy systems using spatially and temporally resolved energy system optimization

Welder, Lara; Stenzel, Peter; Ebersbach, Natalie; Markewitz, Peter; Robinius, Martin; Emonts, Bernd; Stolten, Detlef

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.11.194

Cited by 52 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Taking into account the aforementioned aspects of these technologies, it was decided to only include PEM electrolyzers in the energy system design. In terms of the reelectrification of hydrogen, several different options are included, in accordance with the technologies assessed by Welder et al [32]. For this purpose, the optimizer is used to decide which technology to use in the re-electrification pathways of hydrogen amongst the five technologies mentioned previously.…”

Section: Conversion Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Temporal Complexity Reduction on a 100% Renewable European Energy System with Hydrogen Infrastructure

Caglayan¹,

Heinrichs²,

Stolten³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The transition towards a renewable energy system is essential in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The increase in the share of variable renewable energy sources (VRES), which mainly comprise wind and solar energy, necessitates storage technologies by which the intermittency of VRES can be compensated for. Although hydrogen has been envisioned to play a significant role as a promising alternative energy carrier in a future European VRES-based energy concept, the optimal design of this system remains uncertain. In this analysis, a hydrogen infrastructure is posited that would meet the electricity and hydrogen demand for a 100% renewable energy-based European energy system in the context of 2050. The overall system design is optimized by minimizing the total annual cost. Onshore and offshore wind energy, open-field photovoltaics (PV), rooftop PV and hydro energy, as well as biomass, are the technologies employed for electricity generation. The electricity generated is then either transmitted through the electrical grid or converted into hydrogen by means of electrolyzers and then distributed through hydrogen pipelines. Battery, hydrogen vessels and salt caverns are considered as potential storage technologies. In the case of a lull, stored hydrogen can be re-electrified to generate electricity to meet demand during that time period. For each location, eligible technologies are introduced, as well as their maximum capacity and hourly demand profiles, in order to build the optimization model. In addition, a generation time series for VRES has been exogenously derived for the model. The generation profiles of wind energy have been investigated in detail by considering future turbine designs with high spatial resolution. In terms of salt cavern storage, the technical potential for hydrogen storage is defined in the system as the maximum allowable capacity per region. Whether or not a technology is installed in a region, the hourly operation of these technologies, as well as the cost of each technology, are obtained within the optimization results. It is revealed that a 100 percent renewable energy system is feasible and would meet both electricity demand and hydrogen demand in Europe.

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Section: Conversion Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Temporal Complexity Reduction on a 100% Renewable European Energy System with Hydrogen Infrastructure

Caglayan¹,

Heinrichs²,

Stolten³

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Welder et al [8], for example, investigate a German hydrogen infrastructure with a spatio-temporal approach that focuses on the role of caverns for the infrastructure. In addition, the authors analyze an electrical reconversion scenario for the supply of North Rhine Westphalia and illustrate the important existence of hydrogen even with competing electricity transport [9]. Samsatli et al [10,11] investigate the UK energy system's capacity to supply hydrogen to the domestic transport or heat sectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The more sectors an energy system optimization considers, the lower the degree of detail that is typically allowed for the representation of infrastructure due to limitations of model size and computational tractability. Welder et al [8,9] therefore consider pipelines for hydrogen transport but neglect the effects of pressure drops by applying a fixed gas velocity and a linearization of pipeline costs for varying hydrogen flows. Samsatli et al [10] consider just one pipeline diameter and define the maximum flowrate during preprocessing without taking different diameters into account.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Moreno-Benito et al [12] allow the selection of six discrete diameters with a predefined maximum flowrate but without taking the pressure drops into account. In addition, Welder et al [8,9], Samsatli et al [10], and Moreno-Benito and Agnolucci [12] create regions for the spatial resolution and utilize distance matrices for the estimation of transport distances from region to region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling hydrogen networks for future energy systems: A comparison of linear and nonlinear approaches

Reuß

Welder

Thürauf

et al. 2019

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Common energy system models that integrate hydrogen transport in pipelines typically simplify fluid flow models and reduce the network size in order to achieve solutions quickly. This contribution analyzes two different types of pipeline network topologies (namely, star and tree networks) and two different fluid flow models (linear and nonlinear) for a given hydrogen capacity scenario of electrical reconversion in Germany to analyze the impact of these simplifications. For each network topology, robust demand and supply scenarios are generated. The results show that a simplified topology, as well as the consideration of detailed fluid flow, could heavily influence the total pipeline investment costs. For the given capacity scenario, an overall cost reduction of the pipeline costs of 37% is observed for the star network with linear cost compared to the tree network with nonlinear fluid flow. The impact of these improvements regarding the total electricity reconversion costs has led to a cost reduction of 1.4%, which is fairly small. Therefore, the integration of nonlinearities into energy system optimization models is not recommended due to their high computational burden. However, the applied method for generating robust demand and supply scenarios improved the credibility and robustness of the network topology, while the simplified fluid flow consideration can lead to infeasibilities. Thus, we suggest the utilization of the nonlinear model for postprocessing to prove the feasibility of the results and strengthen their credibility, while retaining the computational performance of linear modeling.

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“…Several hydrogen electricity reconversion pathways in the north of Germany have been designed and evaluated for the year 2050, including underground seasonal hydrogen storage [141]. The study reports higher values of 176-247 €/MWh, although it confirms that the costs are dominated in all pathways by the costs of purchasing electricity [141]. The authors of [102] and [142] report similar values of 75-85 €/MWh and 100 €/MWh for 100% renewable and self-sufficient energy systems in 2050.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle as a Power Plant: Techno-Economic Scenario Analysis of a Renewable Integrated Transportation and Energy System for Smart Cities in Two Climates

et al. 2019

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Renewable, reliable, and affordable future power, heat, and transportation systems require efficient and versatile energy storage and distribution systems. If solar and wind electricity are the only renewable energy sources, what role can hydrogen and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) have in providing year-round 100% renewable, reliable, and affordable energy for power, heat, and transportation for smart urban areas in European climates? The designed system for smart urban areas uses hydrogen production and FCEVs through vehicle-to-grid (FCEV2G) for balancing electricity demand and supply. A techno-economic analysis was done for two technology development scenarios and two different European climates. Electricity and hydrogen supply is fully renewable and guaranteed at all times. Combining the output of thousands of grid-connected FCEVs results in large overcapacities being able to balance large deficits. Self-driving, connecting, and free-floating car-sharing fleets could facilitate vehicle scheduling. Extreme peaks in balancing never exceed more than 50% of the available FCEV2G capacity. A simple comparison shows that the cost of energy for an average household in the Mid Century scenario is affordable: 520–770 €/year (without taxes and levies), which is 65% less compared to the present fossil situation. The system levelized costs in the Mid Century scenario are 71–104 €/MWh for electricity and 2.6–3.0 €/kg for hydrogen—and we expect that further cost reductions are possible.

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Design and evaluation of hydrogen electricity reconversion pathways in national energy systems using spatially and temporally resolved energy system optimization

Cited by 52 publications

References 24 publications

The Impact of Temporal Complexity Reduction on a 100% Renewable European Energy System with Hydrogen Infrastructure

The Impact of Temporal Complexity Reduction on a 100% Renewable European Energy System with Hydrogen Infrastructure

Modeling hydrogen networks for future energy systems: A comparison of linear and nonlinear approaches

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle as a Power Plant: Techno-Economic Scenario Analysis of a Renewable Integrated Transportation and Energy System for Smart Cities in Two Climates

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