Design and implementation of FPGA based invisible image watermarking encoder using wavelet transformation

Transformation and dynamic visualization of images from computer through an FPGA in a matrix of LED

“…For the reception of the data is done with a CORE performed directly by Xilinx [17], as one of the modules implemented for the 8 Bit PICOBlaze processor, since this CORE is performed at very low level only uses 22 Slices of the one FPGA Spartan type to perform the data reception. Figure 3 shows the block diagram of the reception design for RS232 on a Xilinxs FPGA made by Mr. Chapman.…”

“…Around the transformations [11], extraction of characteristics [12] or any other type of massive matrix operation, object detection and recognition and route planning, Programmable Logic Devices (PLD) have been used, since they require low power and a small amount of space to work [13,14] in addition to having the ability to perform real-time implementations, working with static and moving images [15], which requires thousands of iterations per second, with maximum use of FPGA resources, both in the combinatorial part (LUT) as in its storage part (memory bank), making efficient the implementations made with this type of devices [16,17]. The acquisition of real-time images has become an everyday task, using conventional cameras and stereo cameras for capturing in 3D [18,19], in which applications with digital programmable devices have been made to perform high-speed processing, achieving solutions where a single FPGA is used that replaces systems of multiple architectures that required connections and conversions of information, slowing down actions on processes in jobs where short response times are required [20,21].…”

A Hidden DCT-Based Invisible Watermarking Method for Low-Cost Hardware Implementations

“…In recent years, many researchers have been focusing on image watermarking techniques because still images are shared widely throughout the Internet, and many image watermarking methods can also be applied to video watermarking [2]. Generally, image watermarking can be processed in two different domains: the spatial domain [3][4][5][6] and the transform domain [1,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. In the spatial domain, watermark data are directly embedded to the pixel values of the host image [18].…”

“…Although spatial-domain watermarking methods are easy to implement and usually require less computational resources, they are not robust enough to attacks such as JPEG compression and geometry attacks [19]. As for the transform domain, image watermarking methods are mostly carried out in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain [1,7,13], the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) domain [20][21][22] or the discrete wave transformation (DWT) domain [9,[22][23][24][25][26]. Watermarking in the transform domain is often based on the human vision system (HVS) [2,4,10,27,28] model to achieve invisibility and robustness.…”