Design and Performance of a 20-Stage Digital Light Beam Deflector

Meyer, H.; Riekmann, D.; Kp, Schmidt; Uj, Schmidt; Rahlff, M; Schrbder, E; Thust, W.

doi:10.1364/ao.11.001732

Cited by 40 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…First models of 20-stage deflectors have shown total optical losses due to absorption, reflection, and scattering of 21 percent. The optical power was found to be limited to values between 70 and 100 mW, depending on wavelength, due to the residual absorption within the liquid [9]. During operation this limit rises by one order of magnitude.…”

Section: B Deflectors Using Kerr Effect Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…I t turned out that for many applications i t is more important to design the deflector for a minimum drive voltage than for a minimum power consumption. Solid-state switches for up to 9 kV and switching times of less than 1 ps have been developed [9]. Other problems associated with the use of electrooptic liquids have been mentioned in Section 111.…”

Section: B Deflectors Using Kerr Effect Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scope will cover both solid-state and liquid 141, [SI. materials, the latter of which have been shown to make possible the construction of the first high-resolution digital deflector [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[l], [lo], [ l l ] and whose optical properties have been outlined in a number of papers, e.g., [9], [12], [ I s ] , [14]. A brief description of the basic idea will, however, be given in Section 11.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrooptic materials for digital light beam deflectors

Pepperl

Schmidt

1973

Proc. IEEE

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The technology of digital deflectors made -cant progress in the past. The success of this development was primarily based on the advances made in the preparation of electrooptic mate& The selection criteria are described here for a material suitt able for the particular application under consideration, and a survey is made of the most promising electroopticmaterials, both solid state and liquid. The list of solid-state materials comprises representatives of the class of oxygen octahedra ferroelectrics, KDP isomorphs, and AR-type compounds. A section on Kerr liquids begins with c d e r ations for the optimization of the molecular structure and gives experimental results on some newly synthesized materials. Further, the impurity conduction phenomena that are important to the technical performance are described in detail. The fhal section reviews the present state of digital deflector development.

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Section: B Deflectors Using Kerr Effect Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: B Deflectors Using Kerr Effect Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Electrooptic materials for digital light beam deflectors

Pepperl

Schmidt

1973

Proc. IEEE

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“…Recent advances in synthesis of new LC materials [10] and in the design of the nematic LC cells [11] significantly improved parameters important for effective beam steering, such as optical birefringence and response times. Among the prism-based DBDs, one of the most effective designs uses a cascade of elementary stages each of which represents a pair of an active polarization rotator and a prismatic deflector [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Crystal Digital Beam Steering Device Based on Decoupled Birefringent Deflector and Polarization Rotator

Pishnyak

Kreminska

Lavrentovich

et al. 2005

Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals

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We describe digital beam deflectors (DBDs) based on liquid crystals. Each stage of the device comprises polarization rotator and birefringent prism deflector. We used prisms made of the uniaxial smectic A (SmA) liquid crystal and a solid yttrium orthovanadate crystal. SmA prisms have high birefringence and can be constructed in a variety of shapes. We address the challenges of uniform alignment of SmA, such as elimination of focal conic domains. Rotation of linear polarization is achieved by electrically switched twisted nematic or electrically controlled birefringent cell. We describe a four-stage DBD steering a normally incident laser beam within AE56 mrad range with 8 mrad steps.

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Tunable Liquid Crystal Photonic Devices

Yang

2014

Fundamentals of Liquid Crystal Devices

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Liquid crystal (LC)-based adaptive optics are important for information processing, optical interconnections, photonics, integrated optics, and optical communications due to their tunable optical properties. In this dissertation, we describe novel liquid crystal photonic devices and their fabrication methods. The devices presented include inhomogeneous polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), polymer network liquid crystals (PNLC) and phase-separated composite film (PSCOF). Liquid crystal/polymer composites could exist in different forms depending on the fabrication conditions. In Chap. 3, we demonstrate a novel nanoscale PDLC device that has inhomogeneous droplet size distribution. In such a PDLC, the inhomogeneous droplet size distribution is obtained by exposing the LC/monomer with a non-uniform ultraviolet (UV) light. An electrically tunable-efficiency Fresnel lens is devised for the first time using nanoscale PDLC. The tunable Fresnel lens is very desirable to eliminate the need of external spatial light modulator. Different gradient profiles are obtained by using different photomasks. The nanoscale LC droplets are randomly distributed within the polymer matrix, so that the devices are polarization independent and exhibit a fast response time. Because of the small droplet sizes, the operating voltage is higher than 100 VB rms B. To lower the driving voltage, in Chap. 2 and Chap. 3, we have investigated a polymer-network liquid crystal (PNLC) using a rod-like monomer structure. Since the monomer concentration is only about 5%, the operating voltage is below 10 VB rms B. The

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Design and Performance of a 20-Stage Digital Light Beam Deflector

Cited by 40 publications

References 5 publications

Electrooptic materials for digital light beam deflectors

Electrooptic materials for digital light beam deflectors

Liquid Crystal Digital Beam Steering Device Based on Decoupled Birefringent Deflector and Polarization Rotator

Tunable Liquid Crystal Photonic Devices

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