Design, Fabrication and Experimental Validation of a Novel Dry-Contact Sensor for Measuring Electroencephalography Signals without Skin Preparation

Liao, Lun-De; Wang, I-Jan; Chen, Sheng Fu; Chang, Jyh‐Yeong; Lin, Chin‐Teng

doi:10.3390/s110605819

Cited by 149 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…[ 15 ] Another solution involves the use of spring-loaded contacts embedded in a fl exible substrate. [ 8 ] Although these are promising ideas, the lack of an electrolyte means that movement artifacts are more likely to occur during recording.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adhm201300614mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is undesirable for several reasons: First, the electrolyte often dries out over the course of only a few hours when exposed to open air. [ 8 ] As a result, the impedance of these electrodes usually increases and their ability to record meaningful signals is lost. Second, in cases where high-density recordings are necessary, as in some EEG helmets, short circuits can occur if the liquid electrolyte leaks between two adjacent electrodes.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adhm201300614mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ionic Liquid Gel‐Assisted Electrodes for Long‐Term Cutaneous Recordings

Leleux

Johnson

Strakosas

et al. 2014

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Section: Doi: 101002/adhm201300614mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Doi: 101002/adhm201300614mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquid Gel‐Assisted Electrodes for Long‐Term Cutaneous Recordings

Leleux

Johnson

Strakosas

et al. 2014

Adv Healthcare Materials

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“…This arrangement causes skin irritation (erythema) and leads to electrical degradation for periods of use that extend more than a few hours, typically caused by drying of the electrolyte gel (6). Recent technologies replace the gel (7,8) with needles (8,9), contact probes (10,11), capacitive disks (12,13), conductive composites (14,15), or nanowires (16). Such dry electrodes have some promise, but they require multistep preparations, obtrusive wiring interfaces, and/or cumbersome mechanical fixtures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft, curved electrode systems capable of integration on the auricle as a persistent brain–computer interface

Norton

Lee

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

325

283

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Recent advances in electrodes for noninvasive recording of electroencephalograms expand opportunities collecting such data for diagnosis of neurological disorders and brain-computer interfaces. Existing technologies, however, cannot be used effectively in continuous, uninterrupted modes for more than a few days due to irritation and irreversible degradation in the electrical and mechanical properties of the skin interface. Here we introduce a soft, foldable collection of electrodes in open, fractal mesh geometries that can mount directly and chronically on the complex surface topology of the auricle and the mastoid, to provide highfidelity and long-term capture of electroencephalograms in ways that avoid any significant thermal, electrical, or mechanical loading of the skin. Experimental and computational studies establish the fundamental aspects of the bending and stretching mechanics that enable this type of intimate integration on the highly irregular and textured surfaces of the auricle. Cell level tests and thermal imaging studies establish the biocompatibility and wearability of such systems, with examples of high-quality measurements over periods of 2 wk with devices that remain mounted throughout daily activities including vigorous exercise, swimming, sleeping, and bathing. Demonstrations include a text speller with a steadystate visually evoked potential-based brain-computer interface and elicitation of an event-related potential (P300 wave).or more than 80 y, electroencephalography (EEG) has provided an effective noninvasive means to study human brain activity (1). EEG is instrumental in a wide range of clinical and research applications, from diagnosing epilepsy (2) to improving our understanding of language comprehension (3) and the development of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) (4). Conventional EEG recording systems, particularly the physical interface between the sensor (commonly known as an electrode) and the head, have limitations that constrain the more widespread use of EEG monitoring. Electrodes typically consist of rigid metal disks mechanically secured to the head with a mesh cap and chin strap, where electrolyte gels (5) enable efficient electrical coupling by reducing the impedance at the skin interface. This arrangement causes skin irritation (erythema) and leads to electrical degradation for periods of use that extend more than a few hours, typically caused by drying of the electrolyte gel (6). Recent technologies replace the gel (7, 8) with needles (8, 9), contact probes (10, 11), capacitive disks (12, 13), conductive composites (14, 15), or nanowires (16). Such dry electrodes have some promise, but they require multistep preparations, obtrusive wiring interfaces, and/or cumbersome mechanical fixtures. These shortcomings limit the potential for long-term use in diagnosis of neurological disabilities (17, 18) or in persistent BCI (17,19). For example, although microneedle electrodes can record EEG signals for a few hours (20), the interface does not offer the robustness, comfort, or eas...

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“…Fig. 2 lists several types of dry sensors, including spring-loaded [30], foam-based [31], and silicon-based sensors [32]. The dry foam electrode is fabricated by an electrically conductive polymer foam covered with conductive fabric and can be used to measure bio-potentials without skin preparation or conduction gel.…”

Section: Eeg-based Neuroimaging Technology For Bcismentioning

confidence: 99%

EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces: A Novel Neurotechnology and Computational Intelligence Method

Lin

Liu

et al. 2017

IEEE Syst. Man Cybern. Mag.

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Abstract-Significant advances in neuroscience, sensor technologies, and efficient signal processing algorithms have greatly facilitated the transition from laboratory-oriented neuroscience research to practical applications. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) represent major strides in translating brain signals into actionable decisions and primarily consist of hardware and software that guide the communications between users and systems. This article presents several current neurotechnologies and computational intelligence methods applied to EEG-based BCIs. In the hardware aspect, novel portable EEG devices featuring dry electrodes are introduced as substitutes for traditional BCIs with wet electrodes and its bulky size. With these advantages, these novel EEG devices can acquire real-time EEG signals for operational workplaces without requiring conductive gel/paste or scalp preparations. As for the software aspect, blind source separation, artificial neural networks, effective connectivity measurements and information fusion techniques are introduced to address the technical issues of artifact removal, rapid event-related potential detection, complex brain network description, and decision fusion, respectively. For instance, information fusion technique has been utilized to attack the individual differences problem of motor imagery applications in the real-world environment. With continuous improvements in the development of a convenient approach to record brain signals and extract knowledge regarding intentions, BCI techniques are envisioned to lead to a wide range of real-life applications in the near future.

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Design, Fabrication and Experimental Validation of a Novel Dry-Contact Sensor for Measuring Electroencephalography Signals without Skin Preparation

Cited by 149 publications

References 32 publications

Ionic Liquid Gel‐Assisted Electrodes for Long‐Term Cutaneous Recordings

Ionic Liquid Gel‐Assisted Electrodes for Long‐Term Cutaneous Recordings

Soft, curved electrode systems capable of integration on the auricle as a persistent brain–computer interface

EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces: A Novel Neurotechnology and Computational Intelligence Method

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