Design of a 16‐element array antenna with a planar L‐shaped probe for a direction of arrival estimation of the unidentified broadband signal

Abstract

This article proposes the design of a 16‐element array antenna with a planar L‐shaped probe for a direction of arrival (DoA) estimation of an unidentified broadband signal. The individual element of the proposed antenna consists of a shorted radiating patch and the planar L‐shaped probe for obtaining the broad matching characteristic, wide beamwidth, and miniaturization. The developed individual elements are adopted to implement a planar 4 × 4 array antenna and to verify beam scanning properties. To obtain the improved signal detection performance of the proposed array antenna, the optimal array spacing of the proposed antenna is determined by calculating a root mean square error (RMSE) and the side lobe level. The results demonstrate that the proposed 4 × 4 array antenna with the optimal array spacing is suitable for detecting the unidentified signals with low RMSEs in a given signal detection environment.

Design of a Stacked Dual-Patch Antenna with 3D Printed Thick Quasi-Air Substrates and a Cavity Wall for Wideband Applications

“…In general, methods to improve the bandwidth of a patch antenna include optimizing the radiator shape for high radiated power or optimizing the substrate material to lower the quality factor of the system [7,8]. To date, there have been many studies conducted to optimize the radiator shape; for example, they include E-shaped patches [9], U-slotted patches [10], and L-shaped patches [11]. Since antenna bandwidth is proportional to the area of the conductive radiator, research on increasing the bandwidth using a stacked dual-patch antenna with a coupled-fed structure has been reported [12,13].…”

Design of patch antenna with polarization control module to achieve broad 3‐dB gain bandwidth over entire AR range

“…To improve bandwidth properties of the patch antennas, various broadband techniques, such as using slotted patches, air gap, and L-shaped indirect probe feed structures, have been introduced. 2,[5][6][7][8][9][10] In addition to the broad matching characteristics, patch antennas should have suitable polarization within the required frequency range according to each application. Various polarizations adjustment techniques, such as using parasitic elements, two-port with a branch-line coupler, 11 and pin-diode 12 have been proposed to obtain axial ratio (AR) characteristics including linear, right-hand circular (RHC), left-hand circular (LHC), and elliptical polarizations (EP).…”

“…However, conventional patch antennas are limited in their ability to cover a wide range of applications because of their narrow bandwidth characteristics. To improve bandwidth properties of the patch antennas, various broadband techniques, such as using slotted patches, air gap, and L‐shaped indirect probe feed structures, have been introduced . In addition to the broad matching characteristics, patch antennas should have suitable polarization within the required frequency range according to each application.…”

Optimization of a 36-Element Broadband Direction-Finding Antenna Array Using Printed Vivaldi Array Elements with Extended Flares

“…에서 이용되고 있다 [1]～ [3] . 이러한 다양한 무선통신의 기 기간 간섭 회피 및 적정 신호레벨 확인을 위해서, 정확한 신호원 확인 및 위치를 탐지하는 기술이 동시에 중요시 되고 있다.…”

“…또한, 다수 수신 신호의 방향을 찾기 위해서는 배열 안테나를 이용하는 것이 필수적이며, 신호 방향 탐지 성 능을 극대화시키기 위해 안테나의 배열형상도 중요시 되 고 있다. 일반적으로 배열안테나의 형상은 고각 및 방위 각 방향 탐지를 위해 배열소자 간 배열간극이 동일한 사 각 배열, 원형 배열, 삼각 배열 등을 사용한다 [3], [7] . 이렇게 [9] .…”