Design of Wideband GHz Electric Field Sensor Integrated with Optical Fiber Transmission Link for Electromagnetic Pulse Signal Measurement

Abstract

The detection of high frequency overvoltage and partial discharge is of great significance in evaluating the insulation condition of high-voltage power equipment. A wideband GHz electric field (E-field) sensor for electromagnetic pulse (EMP) signal measurement was proposed in this paper. An optical fiber transmission link was adopted in the design in order to implement high-voltage isolation and reduce electromagnetic interference during transmission. The designed sensor was mainly made up of a differential electric field (D-dot) antenna, transmitter, and receiver. The D-dot antenna was designed to detect high frequency E-field strength and generate a corresponding voltage signal, which was converted into an optical signal by the transmitter. The optical signal could be transmitted a large distance through an optical fiber without electromagnetic interference and changed back to a voltage signal again by a receiver. The design process of the sensor was introduced in detail, and experiments were performed using a gigahertz transverse electromagnetic (GTEM) cell and an EMP simulator to verify it. The results indicated that the designed sensor had a good performance besides an expectable delay due to the optional amplifier.

A Highly Sensitive and Miniature Optical Fiber Sensor for Electromagnetic Pulse Fields

“…However, when the detected signal is so large that it exceeds the linear range of the FET Q1 and enters into time of the sensors based on active electro-optic modulation are limited since they are powered by batteries [18][19][20][21]. Currently, researchers are mainly focused on decreasing its size and field interference in order to enhance bandwidth, sensitivity and accuracy [22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

“…Currently, researchers are mainly focused on decreasing its size and field interference in order to enhance bandwidth, sensitivity and accuracy [22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

D-Dot Sensor Response Improvement in the Evaluation of High-Power Microwave Pulses

“…The development of A/D converters, which are currently being fitted in rapid digital oscilloscopes, led in recent years to the popularization of the so-called conventional method, in which the tested electromagnetic impact is represented by a time waveform of voltage on the output of a passive sensor reacting to electric field presence (a so-called Ddot sensor)-see Figure 1. In this method, transmission via a fiber optic link is often used in order to protect the voltage acquisition circuits and to transmit the measurement result without distortions over a safe distance [8,9]. In addition, the measurement system structure contains a matching element, a so-called balun, and attenuators, which are used to change the range.…”

Development of a Transient Magnetic Field Sensor Based on Digital Integration and Frequency Equalization

“…These sensors use antennas to induce electromagnetic pulse signals and electro-optical conversion technology to transmit measurement signals through optical fibers. This measurement method has a strong anti-interference ability and wide response frequency [ 1 , 2 ]. We are confident that the measurement range of electromagnetic sensors will be larger, the frequency band will be wider, and the sensitivity will be higher with the development of science and technology [ 3 ].…”