Detachment of road surface soil by flowing water

Dynamic processes of soil erosion by runoff on engineered landforms derived from expressway construction: A case study of typical steep spoil heap

“…(21) and (22), the soil erodibility and critical shear stress for sheet erosion initiating are 0.0051 s/m and 0.02 Pa and for rill erosion initiating are 0.0027 s/m and 10.41 Pa, respectively, which means that as soil erosion by runoff continued to occur and soil erosion pattern shifted from sheet erosion to rill erosion, soil erodibility decreased but critical shear stress increased. The fitted equations are consistent with the results from previous researches conducted for natural/disturbed agricultural and road surface soils (Cao et al, 2009;Cochrane and Flanagan, 1997;He et al, 2003;Lei and Yang, 2004;Nearing et al, 1999;Zhang et al, 2003), with the exception of significant differences in soil erodibility and critical shear stress. The values of soil erodibility reported in some current studies ranged from 8.18 × 10 − 4 to 8.4 × 10 −3 s/m Zhang et al, 2003;Zhang and Zhang, 2000), which are much less than the soil erodibility for a road surface soil with slope gradients ranged from 8.8% to 46.6% (Cao et al, 2009) and an intact agricultural soil with slope gradients ranged from 3.5% to 46.6% .…”

“…The fitted equations are consistent with the results from previous researches conducted for natural/disturbed agricultural and road surface soils (Cao et al, 2009;Cochrane and Flanagan, 1997;He et al, 2003;Lei and Yang, 2004;Nearing et al, 1999;Zhang et al, 2003), with the exception of significant differences in soil erodibility and critical shear stress. The values of soil erodibility reported in some current studies ranged from 8.18 × 10 − 4 to 8.4 × 10 −3 s/m Zhang et al, 2003;Zhang and Zhang, 2000), which are much less than the soil erodibility for a road surface soil with slope gradients ranged from 8.8% to 46.6% (Cao et al, 2009) and an intact agricultural soil with slope gradients ranged from 3.5% to 46.6% . Additionally, the critical shear stress for sheet erosion initiating is only 1/10 time that obtained from a precedent laboratory study (Liu et al, 2012) and is even less than 1/100 time that for an undisturbed agricultural soil , indicating the vulnerability of spoil deposit to soil erosion because of great abundance in surface loosen materials.…”

Estimating the road edge effect on adjacentEucalyptus grandisforests in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, using texture measures and an artificial neural network

“…Forest roads connect remote areas to existing infrastructure and facilitate movement within and around forest compartments. Despite the vital essence of these roads, they may propagate a number of collateral problems to sustainable silvicultural management (Dykstra & Heinrich 1992;Cao et al 2009). The presence of these roads may alter hydrological and geomorphological processes (Patric 1976;Ziegler et al 2000;Forsyth et al 2006), producing a surplus of sediment within forest catchments.…”

Effects of different vegetation restoration on soil water storage and water balance in the Chinese Loess Plateau

“…Vegetation restoration using woody species is encouraged worldwide because of its several benefits (Malagnoux, 2007), such as soil erosion control (Huang et al, 2011), sediment reduction (Moran et al, 2009), hydrological regime regulation (Yaseef et al, 2009), and carbon sequestration . However, woody species consume more water by evapotranspiration than other vegetation types, such as natural grassland (Cao et al, 2009), and cause runoff reduction (Yi and Wang, 2013). Farley et al (2005) analyzed 26 catchment data sets by comparing forest and grassland plots.…”