“…In recent years, many MEF methods have been successfully developed. According to whether the objects in the input image sequence are moving or not, they were divided into two methods, namely, the static scene MEF method (Mertens et al, 2007 ; Heo et al, 2010 ; Gu et al, 2012 ; Zhang and Cham, 2012 ; Shen et al, 2014 ; Ma and Wang, 2015 ; Nejati et al, 2017 ; Huang et al, 2018 ; Lee et al, 2018 ; Ma et al, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2019 ; Ulucan et al, 2021 ; Wu et al, 2021 ; Hu et al, 2022 ) and the dynamic scene MEF method (Li and Kang, 2012 ; Qin et al, 2014 ; Liu and Wang, 2015 ; Vanmali et al, 2015 ; Fu et al, 2016 ; Ma et al, 2017 ; Zhang et al, 2017 ; Hayat and Imran, 2019 ; Li et al, 2020 ; Qi et al, 2020 ; Jiang et al, 2022 ; Luo et al, 2022 ; Yin et al, 2022 ). Mertens et al ( 2007 ) proposed a technique for fusing exposure sequences into high-quality images using multi-scale resolution.…”