Detection Agriculture Degradation for the South of Baghdad City Using Remote Sensing Data for Years 2010-2019

Abstract

Recently, the develop of the science of remote sensing enabled humanity to achieve the accuracy and wide coverage for different natural phenomena, disasters and applications (such as desertification, rainstorms, floods, fires, sweeping torrents, urban planning, and even in military). The main aim of this study is monitoring, highlighting and assessing maps for the degradation of agriculture in the south areas of Baghdad governorate (Al-Rasheed, Al-Yusufiyah, Al-Mahmudiyah, Al-Latifiyah, and Al-Madaen). Based to several factors, including the economic, social and military operations, the area had suffer the lands degradation which led to agriculture retreating. Remote sensing and Geographic information system (GIS) was applied, using ArcGIS 10.4.1 to process, manage, and analysis datasets, beside field verification to estimate the severity assessment of a computerized land degradation. Two satellites were adapted Landsat5 TM+ and Landsat8 OLI/TIRS imageries to assess the extent of land degradation for the study area during the years (5th May 2010 and 2nd May 2019). Two indices used in this research are: The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index “NDVI”, and The Normalized Differential Water Index “NDWI”. The results showed that there is a clear spatial reduction in both NDVI and NDWI, where the NDVI reduced from 2461082400 m2 to 1552698000 m2, accounting for 89.67 and 56.57 percent, respectively, while the NDWI reduced from 14166000 m2 to 12053700 m2, accounting for 0.52, and 0.44 percent, respectively. Keywords: Agriculture Degradation, RS And GIS Techniques, Landsat Satellite Imagery, NDVI And NDWI.

Evaluation the spectral reflectivity of Baghdad city for different bands using R.S and GIS techniques on December 2021

“…The study area has high temperature extremes, little precipitation, low relative humidity, and high sun brightness. Figure (2) shows a map of the location of the study area [10].…”

“…The orbital path spans 290 kilometers [1]. The Sentinel-2 mission consists of two twin satellites (Sentinel-2A and Sentinel-2B) that provide visual data at various spatial resolutions ranging from visible to near and mid-infrared; the re-visit period is between 5 and 10 days [2]. The Earth's surface absorbs, transmits, or reflects solar electromagnetic energy.…”

Spatial Analysis of Relative Humidity and Its Effect on Baghdad City for The Years 2008, 2013 and 2018

“…They are imaginary lines that follow the color gamut of area density (relative humidity concentration) and represent the boundaries of each gradient; the values of moisture concentrations are shown in Figure 11 [34], and they are arranged to ascend or descend on the manner of the interpolation technique [35]. The period can be determined experimentally according to the number of absolute values of relative humidity [36], as shown in Figure .11.…”

The Modern Techniques in Spatial Analysis to Isolate, Quarantine the Affected Areas and Prevent the Spread of COVID-19 Epidemic

“…The population density is concentrated on the eastern side of Baghdad, with about five million people, most of which are popular and ancient areas with coherent social conditions. The research focuses on the Rusafa side of Baghdad, located between 44o23'52.664 "E 33o25'20.659N and 44o52'15.179" E 33o22'28.72 "N, where Iraq follows the UTM_Zone_38N projector and the WGS_1984 Datum stereotype between two points at the top left of the landscape (434401.552 3704091.354 m), (465646.141 3666307.199 m) [3], as shown Figure 2. Iraq witnessed unprecedented rain and dust storms between March and September [4].…”