Detection and phylogenetic characterization of atypical porcine pestivirus strains in Hungary

Dénes, Lilla; Biksi, Imre; Albert, Mihály; Szeredi, Levente; Knapp, Dániel G.; Szilasi, Anna; Bálint, Ádám; Balka, Gyula

doi:10.1111/tbed.12981

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The following year, an experiential inoculation of APPV demonstrated CT in piglets (Arruda et al., ). Subsequently, APPV has been identified in porcine CT cases from Austria, Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Spain and Sweden (Arruda et al., ; de Groof et al., ; Dénes et al., ; Dessureault, Choinière, Provost, & Gagnon, ; Gatto et al., ; Muñoz‐González et al., ; Pan et al., ; Postel et al., ; Shen et al., ; Yuan et al., ; Zhang et al., , ). In China, two distant groups of APPV have been identified based on the coding sequences (CDS) of APPV strains (Shen et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi‐quantitative duplex RT ‐ PCR reveals the low occurrence of Porcine Pegivirus and Atypical Porcine Pestivirus in diagnostic samples from the United States

Chen

Knutson

Braun

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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SummaryPorcine Pegivirus (PPgV) and Atypical Porcine Pestivirus (APPV) are two recently identified porcine viruses. In this study, the identification of two viruses by metagenomic sequencing, and a duplex semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR was developed to detect these pathogens simultaneously. The PPgV strain Minnesota‐1/2016 had a 95.5%–96.3% nucleotide identity and clustered with the recently identified US PPgV strains, which is a distant clade from the German PPgV strains. The APPV strain Minnesota‐1/2016 shared an 87.3%–92.0% nucleotide identity with the other global APPV strains identity but only shared an 82.8%–83.0% nucleotide identity with clade II consisting of strain identified in China. Detection of both PPgV and APPV was 9.0% of the diagnostic cases. Co‐infection of PPgV and APPV was identified in 7.5% of the diagnostic cases. The occurrence and genetic characterization of PPgV and APPV further enhance our knowledge regarding these new pathogens in the United States.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi‐quantitative duplex RT ‐ PCR reveals the low occurrence of Porcine Pegivirus and Atypical Porcine Pestivirus in diagnostic samples from the United States

Chen

Knutson

Braun

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…CT in newborn piglets was first reported in 1922, but the causative agent has always been a mystery. Viral agents responsible for type A-Ⅱ CT had been seeking for decades until APPV was identified in USA and other countries in 2015 [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. APPV have been detected in serum, thymus, peripheral lymphoid organs (spleen, tonsil, submaxillary lymph node and inguinal lymph node), nervous system (brain stem, brain, and cerebellum), digestive system (duodenum) and semen [1,8,29,30,31,32], which indicated that this virus has widespread tissue tropism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…sequencing (NGS) from clinical samples in the United States in 2015 [1]. Since then, the presence of APPV in new born piglets with congenital tremor (CT) has been reported in many countries worldwide [2,3], such as USA [4], the Netherlands [5], Germany [6], Austria [7], Spain [8], Brazil [9], Hungary [10], England [11], Canada [12], Sweden [13], China [14], Korea [15], Switzerland [16], Italy [17] and so on, showing that APPV has wide geographical distribution around the world. Two independent studies have been reported that congenital tremor (CT) was reproduced following experimental inoculation with serum or tissue-homogenate-pools containing APPV, demonstrating that APPV could be a very likely causative agent of CT in piglets [4,5].…”

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confidence: 99%

Evolution and genetic diversity of atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) from piglets with congenital tremor in Guangxi province, Southern China

Shi

Xie

Zhao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) was identified and associated with congenital tremor (CT) type A-II in new born piglets and has been reported in many countries around the world since 2015. In China, the first APPV infection in swine herds was reported in Guangdong province in 2016.To investigate the genetic characteristics of APPV from Guangxi province seated in Southern China, the full-length sequences of APPV strains were amplified and analyzed.Results: Tissue samples from neonatal piglets with CT from Guangxi province were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). APPV positive samples were amplified, cloned and sequenced, and the complete genomic sequences of five APPV strains were obtained.Sequence analysis revealed that all six APPV strains from Guangxi province, including five strains from this study and one from other researchers, shared 83.3%-97.5% nucleotide identity of complete genome and 91.7%-99.1% amino acid identity of open reading frame (ORF) with one another, and shared 77.7%-97.7% nucleotide identity of complete genome and 90.6%-99.3% amino acid identity of ORF with other reference strains available in Genbank. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the APPV strains from Guangxi province belonged to four different subgroups in the phylogenetic tree based on the complete genomic sequences, and similar topology was observed in the phylogenetic trees based on N pro , E rns and E2 gene sequences, respectively. No sign of recombination was observed for strains from Guangxi province by using Recombination Detection Program 4 (RDP4) and Simplot analysis. Evolution analysis performed on the complete genome of 58 APPV strains available in Genbank showed that APPV strains from America, Europe and Asia during 2006-2019 evolved at a mean rate of 1.37×10 -4 substitutions/site/year, and the most recent common ancestor ( tMRCA ) of them was estimated as 1700.5 years ago.Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated that there existed a high degree of genetic diversity of APPV from Guangxi province, Southern China, which provided important information on the epidemiological features and evolutionary relationships of APPV.

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“…In two independent experiments with pregnant sows, APPV PCR-positive material was used to induce congenital tremor in piglets (7,8). Since the discovery of APPV in the US (9), the virus has been described in both diseased and healthy domestic pigs in Europe, Asia and in South and North America (6,9,(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) and in serum as well as faecal samples from wild boars sampled in central Europe (14,19,20). Atypical porcine pestivirus has also been detected in stored material from historical outbreaks of congenital tremor the oldest detection currently being from samples stored in 1997, originating from Spanish piglets suffering from congenital tremor (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Atypical porcine pestivirus in Swedish piglets with congenital tremor type A-II

Stenberg

Jacobson

Malmberg

2020

Preprint

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Background Congenital tremor (CT) type A-II is a neurological disorder characterized by tremor of the head and body of newborn piglets. The suggested causative agent of the disease is the recently found atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV). The virus has been detected in piglets suffering from congenital tremor in central Europe, South and North America and in China but no studies has so far been performed in the Nordic countries. The overarching goal of this study was to investigate if APPV is present in the brain tissue of Swedish piglets suffering from congenital tremor. From June 2017 – June 2018, 15 piglets from four Swedish farms with ongoing outbreaks of congenital tremor and 13 piglets with splay leg originating from four different farms, were investigated for presence of APPV RNA in brain tissue. Matched healthy control piglets (n=8) were also investigated. Two APPV-specific RT-qPCR methods targeting the NS3 and NS5B region, respectively, were used. A retrospective study was performed on material from Swedish piglets with congenital tremor sampled in 2004 (n = 11) and 2011/2012 (n = 3) using the described APPV-specific RT-qPCR methods. The total number of piglets with signs of CT in this study was 29. Results Atypical porcine pestivirus-RNA was detected in 93% (27/29) of the piglets suffering from congenital tremor. All piglets with congenital tremor from 2004 (n = 11) and 2012 (n = 3) were PCR-positive with respect to APPV, whereas, all of the healthy controls (n = 11) were negative. The piglets with congenital tremor sampled 2017-2018 had an odds ratio of 91,8 (95% CI 3.9128 to 2153.7842, z = 2.807, P = 0.0050) to test positive for APPV by qRT-PCR compared to the healthy piglets (Fishers exact test p < 0.0001). These findings make it interesting to continue investigating APPV in the Swedish pig population. Conclusion This is the first description of atypical porcine pestivirus in piglets suffering from congenital tremor type A-II in Sweden and the Nordic countries. The virus has been present in the Swedish pig population since at least 2004.

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Detection and phylogenetic characterization of atypical porcine pestivirus strains in Hungary

Cited by 32 publications

References 16 publications

Semi‐quantitative duplex RT ‐ PCR reveals the low occurrence of Porcine Pegivirus and Atypical Porcine Pestivirus in diagnostic samples from the United States

Semi‐quantitative duplex RT ‐ PCR reveals the low occurrence of Porcine Pegivirus and Atypical Porcine Pestivirus in diagnostic samples from the United States

Evolution and genetic diversity of atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) from piglets with congenital tremor in Guangxi province, Southern China

Detection of Atypical porcine pestivirus in Swedish piglets with congenital tremor type A-II

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