Detection and Quantitation of Octopine in Normal Plant Tissue and in Crown Gall Tumors

Johnson, Roosevelt; Guderian, Ronald H.; Eden, Francine C.; Chilton, Mary-Dell; Gordon, Milton P.; Nester, Eugene W.

doi:10.1073/pnas.71.2.536

Cited by 54 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Interestingly, both bacteria induce galls on their host through elevated levels of cytokinins and auxins. Nevertheless, the mechanisms resulting in the hormone imbalance in the infected plant are completely different, and generally A. tumefaciens-induced tumors consist only of undifferentiated cells (Johnson et al, 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Genomics Approach to Define Niche Establishment byRhodococcus fascians

et al. 2008

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Rhodococcus fascians is a Gram-positive phytopathogen that induces shooty hyperplasia on its hosts through the secretion of cytokinins. Global transcriptomics using microarrays combined with profiling of primary metabolites on infected Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants revealed that this actinomycete modulated pathways to convert its host into a niche. The transcript data demonstrated that R. fascians leaves a very characteristic mark on Arabidopsis with a pronounced cytokinin response illustrated by the activation of cytokinin perception, signal transduction, and homeostasis. The microarray data further suggested active suppression of an oxidative burst during the R. fascians pathology, and comparison with publicly available transcript data sets implied a central role for auxin in the prevention of plant defense activation. Gene Ontology categorization of the differentially expressed genes hinted at a significant impact of infection on the primary metabolism of the host, which was confirmed by subsequent metabolite profiling. The much higher levels of sugars and amino acids in infected plants are presumably accessed by the bacteria as carbon and nitrogen sources to support epiphytic and endophytic colonization. Hexoses, accumulating from a significantly increased invertase activity, possibly inhibited the expression of photosynthesis genes and photosynthetic activity in infected leaves. Altogether, these changes are indicative of sink development in symptomatic tissues. The metabolomics data furthermore point to the possible occurrence of secondary signaling during the interaction, which might contribute to symptom development. These data are placed in the context of regulation of bacterial virulence gene expression, suppression of defense, infection phenotype, and niche establishment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Genomics Approach to Define Niche Establishment byRhodococcus fascians

et al. 2008

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“…It is generally accepted that opines are synthesized in transformed cells following infection by Agrobacterium and they serve as carbon-nitrogen source for the invading bacteria (7,16 (2-4, 11, 14, 15, 17). Contrary to the conclusions reached by the above investigators, there have been scattered reports that certain opines could be detected in normal cells (13,21,23). One of these claims however, was withdrawn in a subsequent publication (18 (9).…”

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confidence: 66%

Opine Synthesis in Wild-Type Plant Tissue

Christou¹,

Ackerman²

1986

Plant Physiol.

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Opine production is associated with crown gall tissue, a neoplastic growth caused by infection of dicotyledonous plants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Recent publications have claimed that tissues of certain monocotyledonous plants can also be infected by Agrobacterium. Following infection, a part of the Agrobacterium Ti plasmid, T-DNA, is integrated into the chromosome of the infected plant. T-DNA, which codes for opine-synthesizing enzymes, is now used to add foreign genes to plants. A number of laboratories have used opine production in plant tissue, often after arginine feeding or preincubation as evidence for plant transformation by T-DNA vectors. In this report we provide microbiological, chromatographic, spectroscopic and chemical evidence indicating that opines can be formed-in normal callus and plant tissue as a result of arginine metabolism. Therefore, researchers studying T-DNA should be aware of the capability of plant tissue to metabolize arginine to opines. Opine production following infection with T-DNA may not always be sufficient evidence to indicate transformation by the Agrobacterium Ti plasmid.

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“…Cultures of A. tumefaciens in midlogarithmic phase were obtained by suspending a single colony in nutrient broth (beef extract 1 g dm -3 , yeast extract 2 g dm -3 ; peptone 5 g dm -3 ; and NaCl 5 g dm -3 ) for 48 h at 28 ºC followed by subculturing in the same medium for another 24 h (Johnson et al 1974).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylglyoxal destroys Agrobacterium tumefaciens crown gall tumours in Nicotiana tabacum without any adverse effect on the host plant

Ray

Roy

Ray³

et al. 2011

Biologia plant.

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Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive α-oxoaldehyde, demonstrating anticancer effect on plant neoplastic tumours. In in vivo studies it was observed that MG destroyed crown gall tumours in Nicotiana tabacum produced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, without any adverse effect on the host. The efficacy of MG in comparison to other anticancer drugs viz. cisplatin and ellagic acid in the treatment of crown gall was investigated. A slight degeneration of galls was noted in plants treated with cisplatin and ellagic acid but the plants died subsequently. With MG however, crown galls were completely cured and the plants completed their usual life cycle by flowering and producing seeds. MG inhibited the respiration of crown gall calluses suggesting that energy depletion resulted in tumour destruction.

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Detection and Quantitation of Octopine in Normal Plant Tissue and in Crown Gall Tumors

Cited by 54 publications

References 5 publications

An Integrated Genomics Approach to Define Niche Establishment byRhodococcus fascians

An Integrated Genomics Approach to Define Niche Establishment byRhodococcus fascians

Opine Synthesis in Wild-Type Plant Tissue

Methylglyoxal destroys Agrobacterium tumefaciens crown gall tumours in Nicotiana tabacum without any adverse effect on the host plant

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