Detection of Dirofilaria immitis in mid-western arid Argentina

Cuervo, Pablo; Sierra, Roberto Mera y; Waisman, Viviana; Gerbeno, Leticia; Sidoti, Laura; Albonico, F.; Mariconti, Mara; Mortarino, Michele; Pepe, Paola; Cringoli, Giuseppe; Genchi, C.; Rinaldi, Laura

doi:10.2478/s11686-013-0177-z

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Dirofilariosis caused by D. immitis has been reported in Buenos Aires [254–256] and Mendoza [257]. Epidemiological studies in Argentina suggest that the prevalence of dirofilariosis in dogs is highly variable, showing a significantly heterogeneous temporal and spatial distribution [254–256, 258, 259].…”

Section: Country Filesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the occurrence of companion vector-borne diseases in pet animals in Latin America

2019

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Companion vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) are an important threat for pet life, but may also have an impact on human health, due to their often zoonotic character. The importance and awareness of CVBDs continuously increased during the last years. However, information on their occurrence is often limited in several parts of the world, which are often especially affected. Latin America (LATAM), a region with large biodiversity, is one of these regions, where information on CVBDs for pet owners, veterinarians, medical doctors and health workers is often obsolete, limited or non-existent. In the present review, a comprehensive literature search for CVBDs in companion animals (dogs and cats) was performed for several countries in Central America (Belize, Caribbean Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico) as well as in South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana (British Guyana), Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela) regarding the occurrence of the following parasitic and bacterial diseases: babesiosis, heartworm disease, subcutaneous dirofilariosis, hepatozoonosis, leishmaniosis, trypanosomosis, anaplasmosis, bartonellosis, borreliosis, ehrlichiosis, mycoplasmosis and rickettsiosis. An overview on the specific diseases, followed by a short summary on their occurrence per country is given. Additionally, a tabular listing on positive or non-reported occurrence is presented. None of the countries is completely free from CVBDs. The data presented in the review confirm a wide distribution of the CVBDs in focus in LATAM. This wide occurrence and the fact that most of the CVBDs can have a quite severe clinical outcome and their diagnostic as well as therapeutic options in the region are often difficult to access and to afford, demands a strong call for the prevention of pathogen transmission by the use of ectoparasiticidal and anti-feeding products as well as by performing behavioural changes.

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Section: Country Filesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the occurrence of companion vector-borne diseases in pet animals in Latin America

2019

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“…Only few reports are available for CVBD in Argentina and, as in many countries in Latin American, most are related to parasitic diseases such as babesiosis [1, 2], hepatozoonosis [2, 3], dirofilariasis [4–7], leishmaniasis [8–15] and trypanosomiasis [8, 16–23]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Mycoplasma haemocanis, Mycoplasma haematoparvum, Mycoplasma suis and other vector-borne pathogens in dogs from Córdoba and Santa Fé, Argentina

et al. 2016

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BackgroundIn Argentina, only very few reports are available for canine tick-borne diseases where most are related to parasitic diseases. The objective of this survey was to investigate the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in 70 dogs from Santa Fé and Córdoba, Argentina.MethodsMicroscopic blood smear examination as well as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using species-specific markers of Anaplasma, Babesia, Bartonella, Borrelia, Ehrlichia, Francisella, Mycoplasma (hemotropic group) and Rickettsia, followed by DNA sequencing were used to establish the prevalence of each infecting pathogen.ResultsBlood smear analysis showed 81% (57/70) prevalence of structures morphologically compatible with hemotropic mycoplasmas. No structures resembling either piroplasms or Anaplasma/Ehrlichia were detected. Hemotropic mycoplasma species (Mycoplasma haematoparvum, Mycoplasma haemocanis and Mycoplasma suis) were the most prevalent pathogens detected with an overall prevalence of 77.1%. Anaplasma platys was detected and identified in 11 of the 70 dogs (15.7%), meanwhile two Bartonella spp. (B. clarridgeiae and an uncharacterized Bartonella sp.) and Babesia vogeli were detected at 3 and 7% prevalence, respectively.ConclusionsThe work presented here describes a high molecular prevalence for hemotropic mycoplasma species in each of the five locations selected. Three Mycoplasma spp., including Mycoplasma suis, reported for the first time in dogs have been identified by DNA amplification and sequencing. This study highlights the risk that these bacterial pathogens represent for companion animals and, due to their potential zoonotic nature, also for people.

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“…It is arguably the most important parasite of dogs in North America. As of 2013, heartworm-positive dogs had been reported in every state in the continental USA (Wang et al 2014;Yancey et al 2014), and in multiple countries in South America (confirmed reports in Argentina, Colombia, Peru and Brazil, though recent data are sparse from the other countries) (Labarthe and Guerrero, 2005;Vezzani et al 2011a, b;Cuervo et al 2013;Labarthe et al 2014), as well as Southern Europe, Australia and parts of Africa (Simon et al 2009;Barker et al 2012;Otranto et al 2013;Maia et al 2015). In Europe, the parasite seems to be spreading into previously non-endemic areas, especially in Central Europe (Penezic et al 2014;Sassnau et al 2014;Tolnai et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…2014; Yancey et al 2014), and in multiple countries in South America (confirmed reports in Argentina, Colombia, Peru and Brazil, though recent data are sparse from the other countries) (Labarthe and Guerrero, 2005; Vezzani et al . 2011 a , b ; Cuervo et al 2013; Labarthe et al 2014), as well as Southern Europe, Australia and parts of Africa (Simon et al 2009; Barker et al . 2012; Otranto et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emergence of macrocyclic lactone resistance in the canine heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis.

Wolstenholme

Evans

Jimenez³

et al. 2015

Parasitology

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Prevention of heartworm disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis in domestic dogs and cats relies on a single drug class, the macrocyclic lactones (MLs). Recently, it has been demonstrated that ML-resistant D. immitis are circulating in the Mississippi Delta region of the USA, but the prevalence and impact of these resistant parasites remains unknown. We review published studies that demonstrated resistance in D.immitis, along with our current understanding of its mechanisms. Efforts to develop in vitro tests for resistance have not yet yielded a suitable assay, so testing infected animals for microfilariae that persist in the face of ML treatment may be the best current option. Since the vast majority of D. immitis populations continue to be drug-sensitive, protected dogs are likely to be infected with only a few parasites and experience relatively mild disease. In cats, infection with small numbers of worms can cause severe disease and so the clinical consequences of drug resistance may be more severe. Since melarsomine dihydrochloride, the drug used to remove adult worms, is not an ML, the ML-resistance should have no impact on our ability to treat diseased animals. A large refugium of heartworms that are not exposed to drugs exists in unprotected dogs and in wild canids, which may limit the development and spread of resistance alleles.

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Detection of Dirofilaria immitis in mid-western arid Argentina

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

A review on the occurrence of companion vector-borne diseases in pet animals in Latin America

A review on the occurrence of companion vector-borne diseases in pet animals in Latin America

Detection of Mycoplasma haemocanis, Mycoplasma haematoparvum, Mycoplasma suis and other vector-borne pathogens in dogs from Córdoba and Santa Fé, Argentina

The emergence of macrocyclic lactone resistance in the canine heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis.

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