Detection of Feline calicivirus (FCV) from Vaccinated Cats and Phylogenetic Analysis of its Capsid Genes

Ohe, Kyoko; Sakai, Sachi; Sunaga, Fujiko; Murakami, Masaru; Kiuchi, Akio; Fukuyama, Masafumi; Furuhata, Katsunori; Hara, Motonobu; Soma, Takehisa; Ishikawa, Yoshihiro; Taneno, Akira

doi:10.1007/s11259-006-3232-5

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Their antigenicities were distinguishable from one another by cross-neutralization tests (Table1). Furthermore, the deduced amino acid sequences of both the N-and C-HVRs of region E of the capsid protein were highly variable between the three strains, although regions C and D were relatively conserved, as reported previously in other FCVs [18]. This may correspond to the results of the cross-neutralization tests because both region C and the N-HVR of region E are involved in viral neutralization [7,15,31,34].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Immunological and Genetic Characterization of Feline Caliciviruses Used in the Development of a New Trivalent Inactivated Vaccine in Japan

Masubuchi

Wakatsuki

Iwamoto

et al. 2010

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Although vaccination against feline calicivirus (FCV) infection is widespread in Japan, FCV-associated diseases are still a significant problem in cats. Thus, we developed a new trivalent inactivated vaccine, Kyoto Biken Feline-CPR, consisting of three FCV strains; one was the production strain of our previous vaccine, and the others were screened from 60 field isolates obtained between 1998 and 2000 based on cross-neutralization tests. In this report, the three FCV strains used for development of the new vaccine were antigenically and genetically characterized. The three strains were antigenically quite different, as revealed by cross-neutralization tests. Alignment of deduced amino acid sequences of capsid regions A to E revealed that there were marked differences between the strains in both the N-and C ends of region E. Antisera against the three vaccine strains, our new vaccine and 2 commercial vaccines were then evaluated for neutralization with 58 field isolates collected between 2003 and 2006. Rat antisera against the three vaccine strains and a mixture of the 3 strains neutralized 49, 37, 42 and 55 isolates, respectively. Cat antiserum against the new vaccine neutralized 50 (86.2%) isolates, whereas the numbers neutralized by cat antisera against 2 commercial vaccines were 37 (63.8%) and 25 (43.1%). In conclusion, the immunological and genetic properties of the 3 vaccine strains investigated varied widely, and the Kyoto Biken Feline-CPR vaccine may have more potential to meet the antigenic diversity of FCVs spreading throughout Japan.KEY WORDS: feline calicivirus, neutralization, vaccine.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Immunological and Genetic Characterization of Feline Caliciviruses Used in the Development of a New Trivalent Inactivated Vaccine in Japan

Masubuchi

Wakatsuki

Iwamoto

et al. 2010

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…ML89 was isolated in Osaka prefecture in 2002. All of these cats developed within one year after having been given live F9-vaccines (Ohe et al, 2006). FCV isolated from a 1.5-month-old female cat with chronic mild upper respiratory symptoms brought to an animal hospital in Kanagawa prefecture in September 1998 was designated as S1 strain.…”

Section: Cell Culture and Virus Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mixture was heat-denatured at 95 • C for 5 min, and incubated at 60 • C for 1 h to synthesize cDNA. As described by Ohe (2006), the resulting cDNA was heat-denatured at 94 • C for 30 s and incubated at 56 • C for 1 min to allow primers to anneal and at 72 • C for 2 min for elongation. This PCR cycle was repeated 35 times to amplify DNA fragments.…”

Section: Rna Extraction and Reverse Transcription (Rt)-polymerase Chamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since synthetic peptides containing these regions induce the formation of neutralizing polyclonal antibodies, they may function for immune evasion during virus persistence in the host (Radford et al, 1998(Radford et al, , 1999. Using a gene containing these regions, we analysed genogroups and reported that FCVs were divided into genogroup I (G A I) and genogroup II (G A II) (Sato et al, 2002b), and that the majority of the virus isolates from cats vaccinated with the F9 vaccine strain tended to belong to genogroup II (Ohe et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genogrouping of Vaccine Breakdown Strains (VBS) of Feline Calicivirus in Japan

et al. 2007

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Although prevention of feline calcivirus (FCV) infection by vaccination has been attempted, and isolation of FCV, development of the disease, and a few fatal cases in vaccinated cats have been reported. Fifteen FCV strains isolated from cats that had been vaccinated with commercially available FCV vaccines (F9, FCV-255, and FC-7) were genogrouped. Molecular analysis of viral genomes involved the construction of a phylogenetic tree of capsid genes using the NJ method. Cat anti-F9 serum and rabbit anti-FCV-255 serum were used for virus neutralization tests. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences of 15 virus isolates and those of the previously published and GenBank-deposited 9 global and 14 Japanese strains showed that 8 (53%) of the 15 virus isolates as well as the vaccine strains F9 and FCV-255 belonged to genogroup I (G(A)I), and 7 (47%) belonged to genogroup II (G(A)II). Of the 8 G(A)I strains, 2 were isolated from cats that had been vaccinated with an F9 strain live vaccine, 5 from cats vaccinated with an FCV-255-derived vaccine, and 1 from a cat vaccinated with an FC-7-derived vaccine. Of the 7 GAll strains, 5 were isolated from cats that had been vaccinated with the F9 strain live vaccine, 1 from a cat vaccinated with the FCV-255-derived vaccine, and 1 from a cat vaccinated with the FC-7-derived vaccine. These results indicate that more vaccine breakdown strains isolated from the cats vaccinated with the F9 strain-derived vaccine belong to G(A)II than to G(A)I, whereas more vaccine breakdown strains isolated from the cats vaccinated with the FCV-255 strain-derived vaccine belong to G(A)I than to G(A)II, and that when the FC-7 strain-derived vaccine is used, the vaccine breakdown strains belong almost equally to G(A)I and G(A)II. Thus, the genogroups of virus isolates varied with the vaccine strain used (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the neutralizing titres of feline anti-F9 serum and rabbit anti-FCV-255 serum against the 15 isolates were very low, showing no relationships between neutralizing antibody titres and genogroups. The DNA sequence identities between the virus isolates and the vaccine strains were low, at 70.6-82.9%, and no strains were found to have sequences derived from the vaccine strains. Alignment of amino acid sequences showed that the G(A)I or G(A)II virus isolates from the F9-vaccinated cats differed at position 428 of the 5' hypervariable region (HVR) of capsid region of the F9 strain, whereas those from the FCV-255-vaccinated cats differed at positions 438, 453, and 460 of the 5'HVR of capsid region E of the F9 strain. We speculate that these differences influence genogrouping. The amino acid changes within the F9 linear epitopes common to G(A)I and G(A)II were noted at positions 450, 451, 457 of 5'HVR of the capsid region E in the isolates from F9-derived vaccine-treated cats, and 449, 450, and 451 of 5'HVR of capsid region E in the isolates from FCV-255-derived vaccine-treated cats, suggesting that these amino acid changes are involved in escapes. These results sugg...

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“…This PCR cycle was repeated 35 times to amplify DNA fragments. Seal primer sets were used for RT-PCR (Ohe et al 2006).…”

Section: Genogroupingmentioning

confidence: 99%

FCV-VBS isolated from cats with typical symptoms caused VSD in experimental cats

et al. 2007

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Commercially available vaccines have been used widely to prevent feline calicivirus infection (FCI). However, with their widespread use, field strains, which are weakly cross-reactive with the live-virus vaccine strain F9, have posed the problem of vaccine breakdown. Recently the existence of FCV--associated virulent systemic disease (VSD) has been published. But their molecular diversity, antigenic mutations and physicochemical property have not been sufficiently clarified. Thus, we experimentally gave the vaccine breakdown strain (VBS) H10 to cats that had been inoculated with an F9 live vaccine. After the administration of strain H10, vaccinated cats (1 through 4) had no respiratory symptoms, whereas the non-vaccinated cat 5 showed clinical symptoms such as a fever of over 40 degrees C, loss of vitality, decreased appetite, diarrhea, and nasal discharge after receiving strain H10, and died. Lethal FCV is rare, and may be a virulent systemic disease (VSD)--inducing strain. This is the initial report on VSD in Japan. It has been reported that symptoms of VSD were similar in vaccinated and nonvaccinated cats on experimental infection. However, no VSD-like symptoms developed, and the incidence of the disease varied depending on the presence or absence of vaccination, suggesting that there are two mechanisms of vaccine breakdown: one is associated with the vaccine immunity level, and the other is not. The characteristics of the VBS revealed were: (1) the duration of virus excretion was short when the originally carried antibody titer before virus challenge was high, (2) the excreted viral molecular species varied daily, not being limited to a specific species with time, and (3) the acquired physicochemical properties did not persist, and altered daily. FCV-VBS alters the molecular species and physicochemical properties daily due to the reduction of host immunity, which may lead to VSD.

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Detection of Feline calicivirus (FCV) from Vaccinated Cats and Phylogenetic Analysis of its Capsid Genes

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

Immunological and Genetic Characterization of Feline Caliciviruses Used in the Development of a New Trivalent Inactivated Vaccine in Japan

Immunological and Genetic Characterization of Feline Caliciviruses Used in the Development of a New Trivalent Inactivated Vaccine in Japan

Genogrouping of Vaccine Breakdown Strains (VBS) of Feline Calicivirus in Japan

FCV-VBS isolated from cats with typical symptoms caused VSD in experimental cats

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