Detection of Avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus type QX infection in Switzerland

Abstract

Infectious bronchitis, a disease of chickens caused by Avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), leads to severe economic losses for the poultry industry worldwide. Various attempts to control the virus based on vaccination strategies are performed. However, due to the emergence of novel genotypes, an effective control of the virus is hindered. In 1996, a novel viral genotype named IBV-QX was reported for the first time in Qingdao, Shandong province, China. The first appearance of an IBV-QX isolate in Europe was reported between 2003 and 2004 in The Netherlands. Subsequently, infections with this genotype were found in several other European countries such as France, Italy, Germany, United Kingdom, Slovenia, and Sweden. The present report describes the use of a new set of degenerate primers that amplify a 636-bp fragment within the S1 gene by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect the occurrence of IBV-QX infection in Switzerland.

Epidemiology and characterization of avian infectious bronchitis virus strains circulating in southern China during the period from 2013–2015

“…In contrast, the QX-type IBVs prevalent in China today primarily cause typical nephritis. Since the discovery of QXIBV, LX4, and A2 strains in 1990s, the QX-type has become the predominant IBV genotype in China and spread to Europe [28][29][30] . Previously, the QX-type IBV accounted for 50-60% of field IBV isolates from 2004-2012 [3][4][5][6] .…”

Molecular characterization of an infectious bronchitis virus strain isolated from northern China in 2012

“…An IBV variant identified in China was the QX variant, a significant IBV type that has been circulating in China for a long period of time. The QX variant was first reported in China in 1998 [28] and spread quickly across Russia [3] and many European countries, including the Netherlands, Germany, France, Belgium, England, and Spain [1,2,24,25]. These strains evolved to form a new subgroup of QX isolates.…”

Development and Characterization of Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies Against the S1 Subunit Protein of QX-like Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strain Sczy3

“…Province, it was classified to QX genotype, and it was the prevalent genotype in Sichuan province and worldwide. (4,7,30,31) Recombinant analysis of the Sczy3 genome demonstrated that Sczy3 is a chimeric strain derived from QX and H120. (32) Monoclonal antibodies are a powerful tool for virus detection and characterization.…”