Detection of Metals in the Environment Using a Portable Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Instrument

Yamamoto, Karen Y.; Cremers, David A.; Ferris, Monty J.; Foster, Leeann E.

doi:10.1366/0003702963906519

Cited by 289 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The first portable LIBS instrument was developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory and reported by Yamamoto et al 167 The instrument had a weight of 14.6 kg, and fitted completely into a small carrying case of 46×33×24 cm 3 . It was composed of a sampling probe containing a flashlamppumped passively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser source (1064 nm, 4 to 8 ns pulse duration, 15 to 20 mJ pulse energy and 1 Hz pulse repetition rate), a focusing lens and an optical fiber cable to collect the emitted radiation, and an analysis unit containing the laser power supply (optionally a 12 V battery), a grating spectrograph, a 1024×256 pixel nongateable CCD, and a laptop computer.…”

Section: Mobile Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Pasquini¹,

Cortez²,

Silva³

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

342

195

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Esta revisão descreve os aspectos fundamentais, a instrumentação, as aplicações e tendências futuras de uma técnica analítica que se encontra em seu estágio de consolidação e que está em vias de estabelecer o seu nicho entre as técnicas espectrofotométricas modernas. A técnica é denominada Espectroscopia de Emissão em Plasma Induzido por Laser (em inglês, Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, LIBS) e sua principal característica está no uso de pulsos de laser como fonte de energia para vaporizar a amostra e excitar a emissão de radiação eletromagnética, a partir de seus elementos e/ou fragmentos moleculares. A radiação emitida é analisada por meio de instrumentos ópticos de alta resolução e as suas intensidades são medidas, usualmente com detectores rápidos de estado sólido. Em conjunto, esses dispositivos permitem a geração e a medida de um espectro de emissão de faixa ampla do fenômeno induzido pelo pulso de laser. O espectro registrado contém informação qualitativa e quantitativa que pode ser correlacionada com a identidade da amostra ou empregada na determinação da quantidade de seus constituintes. Essa revisão é dividida em quatro partes. A primeira aborda aspectos históricos da técnica e os conceitos teóricos relevantes associados com LIBS; então, os aspectos práticos de diversas abordagens experimentais e instrumentais empregadas na implementação da técnica são revistos de forma crítica; as aplicações encontradas na literatura, incluindo aquelas que empregam quimiometria, são classificadas e exemplificadas por meio de trabalhos relevantes recentemente publicados. Finalmente, uma tentativa de estabelecer uma avaliação global e as perspectivas futuras para a técnica é apresentada.This review describes the fundamentals, instrumentation, applications and future trends of an analytical technique that is in its early stages of consolidation and is establishing its definitive niches among modern spectrometric techniques. The technique has been named Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and its main characteristic stands in the use of short laser pulses as the energy source to vaporize samples and excite the emission of electromagnetic radiation from its elements and/or molecular fragments. The emitted radiation is analyzed by high resolution optics and the intensities are recorded, usually by fast triggered solid state detectors. Together, these devices allow producing and registering a wide ranging emission spectrum of the short-lived phenomenon induced by the laser pulse. The spectrum contains qualitative and quantitative information which can be correlated with sample identity or can be used to determine the amount of its constituents. This review is divided in four parts. First, the relevant historical and theoretical concepts associated with LIBS are presented; then the main practical aspects of the several experimental and instrumental approaches employed for implementation of the technique are critically described; the applications related in the literature, including those making use of chemometri...

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Section: Mobile Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Pasquini¹,

Cortez²,

Silva³

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

342

195

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the pre-spark shows less precision than that demonstrated by either the UV/IR single-pulse or the plasma reheat, see Table 2. [32][33][34]. This exhibits the evolution LIBS is making as a choice analytical technique in the forensic science community.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Wavelength Dependence on the Forensic Analysis of Glass by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Cahoon¹,

Almirall²

2009

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The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) can be used for the chemical characterization of glass to provide evidence of an association between a fragment found at a crime scene to a source of glass of known origin. Two different laser irradiances, 266 nm and 1064 nm, were used to conduct qualitative and quantitative analysis of glass standards. Single-pulse and double-pulse configurations and lens-to-sample-distance (LTSD) settings were optimized to yield the best laser-glass coupling. Laser energy and acquisition timing delays were also optimized to ABSTRACTLaser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) can be used for the chemical characterization of glass to provide evidence of an association between a fragment found at a crime scene to a source of glass of known origin. Two different laser irradiances, 266 nm and 1064 nm, were used to conduct qualitative and quantitative analysis of glass standards. Single-pulse and double-pulse configurations and lens-to-sample-distance (LTSD) settings were optimized to yield the best laser-glass coupling. Laser energy and acquisition timing delays were also optimized to result in the highest signal to noise ratio. The crater morphology was examined and the mass removed was calculated for both the 266 nm and 1064nm irradiations. The analytical figures of merit suggest that the 266 nm and 1064 nm wavelengths are capable of good performance for the forensic chemical characterization of glass. The results presented here suggest that the 266 nm laser produces a better laser-glass matrix coupling resulting in a better stoichiometric representation of the glass sample. The 266 nm irradiance is therefore recommended for the forensic analysis and comparison of glass samples.

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“…One is the high pressure type, usually called Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. In this method, a laser of high peak power with short duration such as Nd-YAG laser is focused onto the sample at atmospheric pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitation Mechanism in Laser-Induced Plasma at Atmospheric Air Pressure

Manalu

Kurniawan²,

Lie³

2005

itbj.sci.

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Abstract.A special interferometric technique has been devised on the basis of rainbow refractometry without the use of an additional and delicate amplitudesplitting setup. This new technique was used for the characterization of plasma induced by a Q-switched Nd-YAG laser on zinc samples under atmospheric air pressure. An unmistakable signal of the density jump was detected simultaneously with the observation of the emission front signal. It was proved that the emission front and the front of the shock wave coincided and moved together with time at the initial stage of the secondary plasma expansion. However, at a later stage, the emission front began to separate from and left behind the shock wave front propagating in the surrounding air. With the use of zinc sample, the experimental results showed that the separation of the emission front and shock wave front took place at about 4 mm above sample surface for laser energy of 26 mJ. It was also found that the separation time increased by increasing the power density which further supported shock wave model. Analysis of the data of the shock front movement along with the emission characteristics has led us to the conclusion that models other than the shock wave model, such as the gas breakdown model, should be excluded, at least for a zinc sample, as not satisfactorily explaining the excitation process in the secondary plasma generated at atmospheric air pressure of 760 Torr.

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Detection of Metals in the Environment Using a Portable Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Instrument

Cited by 289 publications

References 10 publications

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Wavelength Dependence on the Forensic Analysis of Glass by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Excitation Mechanism in Laser-Induced Plasma at Atmospheric Air Pressure

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