Detection of Neurotransmitters by Three-Dimensional Laser-Scribed Graphene Grass Electrodes

Abstract

Carbon nanomaterials possess superb properties and have contributed considerably to the advancement of integrated point-of-care chemical and biological sensing devices. Graphene has been widely researched as a signal transducing and sensing material. Here, a grass-like laser-scribed graphene (LSG) was synthesized by direct laser induction on common polyimide plastics. The resulting LSG grass was employed as a disposable electrochemical sensor for the detection of three neurotransmitters, dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EP), and norepinephrine (NE), and in the presence of uric acid and ascorbic acid as potential interferants, using differential pulse voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry. The LSG grass sensor achieved sensitivities of 0.243, 0.067, and 0.110 μA μM −1 for DA, EP, and NE, respectively, whereas the limits of detection were 0.43, 1.1, and 1.3 μM, respectively. The selectivity of LSG grass was excellent for competing biomarkers with high structural similarity (EP vs NE and EP vs DA). The exceptional performance of LSG grass for DA, EP, and NE detection holds a promising future for carbon nanomaterial sensors with unique surface morphologies.

Direct‐Laser‐Writing of Metal Sulfide‐Graphene Nanocomposite Photoelectrode toward Sensitive Photoelectrochemical Sensing

“…Here, we demonstrate a facile approach toward the fabrication of MS‐G nanocomposite photoelectrode by using a direct‐laser‐writing (DLW) technique, which is characterized by the direct and large‐scale conversion of some thermoplastic polymeric sheet to well‐defined 3D porous graphene under transient CO 2 ‐laser induction in an ambient atmosphere without any mask and template . Since the discovery of laser‐induced graphene (LIG) on commercial polyimide films, the high electronic conductivity as well as the large surface areas of LIG has underwent a considerable research progress toward their applications in, for example, supercapacitors and electrochemical sensing . Moreover, impelled by its simplicity and extensive applicability, the DLW technology has been further expanded to a simple and straightforward method that can fabricate heteroatoms‐doped LIG as well as LIG‐metal‐oxides nanocomposite materials .…”

Ultra-high sensitivity measurement of DNA sequences with conducting polymer-modified electrodes: mechanism, large-scale manufacture, and prospects for rapid polymerase chain reaction measurement (e-PCR)

“…Other studies have reported methods such as oxygen plasma treatment or laser surface glazing as routes to improve repeatability [55][56] . Given that screen-printed carbon might produce intrinsically unreliable electrodes 57 , other carbon-based electrode fabrication technologies, such as laser-scribing of graphene on flexible substrates [58][59] may provide superior alternatives, or electrodes such as gold-coated mylar could be considered.…”

Laser-induced graphene (LIG)-driven medical sensors for health monitoring and diseases diagnosis

“…In past years, due to its extraordinary electrical and optical properties, the graphene has been employed in the field of biochemical sensor such as ionic species detection [ 49 ], glucose monitoring [ 50 ], microRNA detection [ 51 ], DNA detection [ 52 ], and folic acid detection [ 37 ]. However, reliable and scalable biochemical sensor manufacturing and transformation methods are in high demand to fill the existing gap between laboratory research and commercialization [ 53 ]. Direct laser writing will be an ideal fabrication technology and the LIG can be an alternative sensing material or device.…”