Detection of RAGE expression and its application to diabetic wound age estimation

Abstract

With the prevalence of diabetes, it is becoming important to analyze the diabetic wound age in forensic practice. The present study investigated the time-dependent expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) during diabetic wound healing in mice and its applicability to wound age determination by immunohistochemistry, double immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. After an incision was created in genetically diabetic db/db mice and control mice, mice were killed at posttraumatic intervals ranging from 6 h to 14 days, followed by the sampling of wound margin. Compared with control mice, diabetic mice showed the delayed wound healing. In control and diabetic wound specimens, RAGE immunoreactivity was observed in a small number of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), a number of macrophages, and fibroblasts. Morphometrically, the positive ratios of RAGE in macrophages or fibroblasts considerably increased in diabetic wounds during late repair, which exceeded 60% at 7 and 10 days post-injury. There were no control wound specimens to show a ratio of >60% in macrophages or fibroblasts. By Western blotting analysis, the ratios of RAGE to GAPDH were >1.4 in all diabetic wound samples from 7 to 10 days post-injury, which were >1.8 at 10 days after injury. By comparison, no control wound specimens indicated a ratio of >1.4. In conclusion, the expression of RAGE is upregulated and temporally distributed in macrophages and fibroblasts during diabetic wound healing, which might be closely involved in prolonged inflammation and deficient healing. Moreover, RAGE is promising as a useful marker for diabetic wound age determination.

Evaluation of the Wound Healing Properties of Luteolin Ointments on Excision and Incision Wound Models in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Rats

“…[6,11]. Also in various studies reported that there were different repair processes between diabetic and non-diabetic wounds [9]. These findings supported that in our study why wound healing effects of Luteolin in non-diabetic were higher than diabetic.…”

“…Previous studies demonstrated that impaired or delayed healing was serious problem in some metabolic diseases including DM [6,8,9,10,11], because of several factors such as differentiation of the extracellular matrix dysfunction in fibroblasts and epidermal cells, and poor angiogenesis, e.g. [6,11].…”

“…Because of different biological process wounds are categorized under various groups such as chronic and acute [4][5][6]. Most chronic wounds are associated with some illnesses including Diabetes mellitus (DM) [6][7][8] which is one of the most common disease worldwide [8,9]. In the United States, approximately 29.1 million people suffer from DM [10] and 15 % of patients with DM complain from serious complications such as chronic ulcers [8,10] which are characterized as impaired or non-healing wounds [9][10][11].…”

D-MT Prompts the Anti-Tumor Effect of Oxaliplatin by Inhibiting IDO Expression in a Mouse Model of Colon Cancer

“…Indirect IF was performed as previously described [28]. Brie y, the tumor slides were incubated with the appropriate antibody (CD3, CD4 and CD8) at 4˚C overnight in a wet box.…”

Vitality and wound-age estimation in forensic pathology: review and future prospects

“…Ji et al [56] investigated the expression level of receptors for advanced glycation end products during the healing of diabetic wounds in mice. Their results showed that the process of repairing diabetic wounds differs from that of normal wounds, suggesting that the parameters used to assess the age of the normal wound may not be applicable to the diabetic wound.…”