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ABSTRACT.Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of the exfoliation syndrome and its relationship with ocular and cardiovascular diseases in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. Methods: This cross-sectional and population-based study was conducted at the Sivas Province among the population aged 40 years and over. The diagnosis of XFS was made when exfoliative material was found on the anterior lens capsule or iris on slit-lamp examination. The subjects were divided into an XFS group and a non-XFS group according to the presence of exfoliative material, and the groups were compared for the presence of glaucoma, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, phacodonesis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, smoking and alcohol-use frequency. Results: XFS was present in 63 subjects consisting of 42 males (8.0%) and 21 females (3.6%) for an overall rate of 5.7% (95% CI: 0.054-0.060). Once we adjusted the values for age, we found a statistically significant relationship of increased age and male gender with the presence of XFS (p = 0.001, p = 0.027, respectively). The relationship between XFS and glaucoma, cataract and phacodonesis was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.001). No relationship was found between exfoliation syndrome and hypertension, diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. Conclusion: The prevalence of exfoliation syndrome was 5.7% in this population-based study. There was a statistically significant relationship between XFS and advancing age and male gender.

The genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) has been traditionally used for the treatment of various illnesses since ancient times. Salvia hispanica L., commonly known as Chia, is an annual herbaceous plant which was one of the most significant crops for pre-Columbian civilizations (Aztec and Maya) in America. Nutritional potential and beneficial effects of Chia seeds on human health have been previously reported. Therefore, this study aims to investigate anti(myco)bacterial, antifungal, and antiproliferative activities of Chia seeds. Ethanol extract of Chia seeds were tested against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25925), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25923), Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC 02026), Aeromonas hydrophila (ATCC 95080), Candida albicans (ATCC 14053), Candida tropicalis (ATCC 1369), and Candida glabrata (ATCC 15126) using broth microdilution method. Antimycobacterial activity was performed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using resazurin microtiter plate method. Ampicillin, Ethambutol, Isoniazid, and Fluconazole were chosen as reference drugs. Antiproliferative effect of the various concentrations (200, 100, 50, and 25 μg/mL) of ethanol extract was tested against A549 human lung cancer cell lines using MTT method. Ethanol extract was found to be more effective against A. baumannii (MIC: 62.5 µg/mL) than reference drug Ampicillin (MIC: 125 µg/mL). There was a correlation between increased doses and antiproliferative activity of extract against A549 human lung cancer cell lines (p <0.05).