Detection of tetanus toxoid with fluorescent tetanus human IgG-AuNC–based immunochromatography test strip

Homogeneous Binary Visual and Fluorescence Detection of Tetanus Toxoid in Clinical Samples Based on Enzyme-Free Parallel Hybrid Chain Reaction

“…As low as 1 fg/mL toxoid could be visually determined (Figure I). Compared with the reported detection methods of antigen and IgG antibody, , our method has advantages in sensitivity, and integrates test strips to achieve binary visual analysis (Table S4). Therefore, introducing enzyme-free HCR amplification and QDs-based selective CER greatly improved the analytical sensitivity, which laid the experimental foundation for early clinical validation of this tetanus infection strategy.…”

“…Current diagnostic tests rely primarily on the indirect detection of tetanus antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), which not only require tedious operational steps but are also heavily influenced by the health condition of each infected individual. An ideal diagnostic test shall detect the antigen (tetanus toxoid) over the antibody . However, very few reports exist for establishing such detection methods .…”

“…An ideal diagnostic test shall detect the antigen (tetanus toxoid) over the antibody. 2 However, very few reports exist for establishing such detection methods. 3 It may be due to the difficulty in collecting samples of infection in the early clinical stage and the insufficient sensitivity of existing clinical methods.…”

Tailoring NIR-II photoluminescence of single thiolated Au25 nanoclusters by selective binding to proteins

“…20 The presence of intrinsic reducing agents and sulfur-containing chemical groups in proteins enables the one-step protection of metal NCs. The synthesis of uorescent protein-directed Au NCs using albumin (BSA, bovine serum albumin) as both a reductant and stabilizer was pioneered by Xie et al 21 Following this seminal work, various NCs were synthesized with different proteins, showing very high PL brightness and good photostability for biolabeling/imaging purposes.. 22,23,24 Although some studies have shown that proteins retain their structure and biological activity upon protein-directed NC formation, 25,26,27 there is an increasing number of studies demonstrating that the global (and local) structure of proteins is altered after NC formation; these studies were often performed under quite harsh conditions (pH 12, for example), which can also affect the structure of the proteins. 28,29,30,31,32 Additionally, the exact number of metal atoms in protein-directed NCs and their localization within the protein are still under debate, preventing the development of a clear structure-property relationship.…”

Ultrafast Ratiometric Detection of Aflatoxin B1 Based on Fluorescent β-CD@Cu Nanoparticles and Pt2+ Ions

“…Conventional analytical methods for AFB1 determination include high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD) and high-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS), etc. , These methods can achieve highly sensitive and accurate determination of AFB1, but they require time-consuming sample pretreatment and expensive instruments, which limit their applications in food monitoring. Alternatively, various antibody-based immunoassay systems have been developed such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and lateral flow strips. , These methods provide rapid detection for mycotoxins and enable on-site detection. However, long period in antibody preparation and high interbatch variations significantly impede its applications. , As a potential substitute for antibodies, nucleic acid aptamer has easy preparation and mass production advantages .…”