Detection of toxins produced by vibrio fluvialis

Lockwood, D. E.; Kreger, Arnold S.; Richardson, Stephen H.

doi:10.1128/iai.35.2.702-708.1982

Cited by 77 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The toxin has hemolytic and proteolytic activities and the molecular weight is about 135,000. The results of the present study showed that the toxic substance of V. anguillarum differs from the toxins of V. vulnificus (9) and V. fluvialis (10). The toxic substance of V. anguillarum has no hemolytic nor protease activity.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

“…The toxin of V. vulnificus is thermolabile and has cytolytic and hemolytic activities, and causes vascular permeability. Extracellular toxin was also demonstrated in the culture supernatant fluid of V. fluvialis (10). The toxin has hemolytic and proteolytic activities and the molecular weight is about 135,000.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The importance of exotoxin in the pathogenicity of vibriosis in man has been demonstrated in V. cholerae (5) and V. mimicus (1). Production of exotoxin by halophilic vibrios has been reported in V. anguillarum (6,13,19), V. parahaemolytic u s (17), V. vulnificus (9), and V. fluvialis (10). In the previous study, we found that the culture filtrate of V. anguillarum contains a substance lethal to mice and rainbow trout (8,12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Partial purification of extracellular substance of Vibrio anguillarum toxigenic for rainbow trout and mouse.

et al. 1985

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An extracellular toxic substance was separated from the cell-free culture filtrate of Vibrio anguillarum (strain NCMB571).Two fractions (GI and GII + III) obtained by Sephadex G-200 chromatography following DEAE-cellulose chromatography were lethal to rainbow trout and mice. Material separated from the GI fraction by Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography (GI-A fraction) was lethal to these animals.By sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the GI and GI-A fractions were found to be composed of components with molecular weights of 44K and 34K, and 44K, respectively. The 44K protein band was associated with carbohydrate.Peripheral vascular disorder was observed in fish and mice that died after inoculation with GI or GI-A fraction. The toxic substance was sensitive to potassium periodate but was resistant to trypsin and acetone. Heat inactivation of the toxic substance was almost complete at 100 C for 20 min and complete at 121 C for 20 min. The toxic activity was not associated with hemolytic or proteolytic activity.Homologous antitoxin completely neutralized the toxic activity.Vibriosis of fish is characterized by hemorrhagic septicemia and high morbidity and mortality among marine (16, 18) and freshwater (4, 14) fishes. The causative agents, Vibrio anguillarum and other Vibrio species isolated from fish, produce hemorrhagic and necrotic lesions in the skin, fins, and visceral organs as well as hypertrophy of the kidney, spleen, and liver (15). We found that the cell-free filtrate of V. anguillarum cultures contains substance(s) toxic to rainbow trout and mice, and also produce a cytotoxic effect on fish line cells (8, 12). Munn (13) observed that the hemolysin of V. anguillarum is lethal to eels. Inamura et al (6) and Toranzo et al (19) also reported a toxic substance of this bacterium. However, the relationship between these extracellular products and lethal toxicity of the organism in fish is still unclear. This is the first report on the purification and characterization of the extracellular toxic substance of V. anguillarum. The relationships of the toxic substance produced by V. anguillarum to hemolysin and protease and its role in the pathogenesis of vibriosis are discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacteria. A virulent strain of V. anguillarum (NCMB571 strain) which was 909 91 0 H. KODAMA ET AL

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Partial purification of extracellular substance of Vibrio anguillarum toxigenic for rainbow trout and mouse.

et al. 1985

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“…The mechanism of gastroenteritis due to this vibrio is not totally explained. Some toxins responsible for fluid accumulation in the rabbit ileal loop and in suckling mice have been reported (West 1989); other authors reported the presence of cytolysins, and a similar effect in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells reported as the LT toxin from E. coli (Lockwood et al 1982). The high frequency of positive results in the Dean test (40.3%), the RIL test (49.3%) and also in some cases, the haemorrhagic fluid found in rabbit ileal loop in tests of strains of V. Jlzlvialis isolated in this study, was probably due to cytolysins or haemolysins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Potentially pathogenic vibrios associated with mussels from a tropical region on the Atlantic coast of Brazil

Matté

Sato

et al. 1994

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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Mussels (Perna perna) harvested on the coast of Ubatuba, in three different stations in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, were examined for Vibrio spp. over a 1 year period. The ranges of most probable number (MPN 100 g-1) were: Vibrio alginolyticus (< 3-24,000), V. parahaemolyticus (< 3-24,000), V. fluvialis (< 3-1100), V. cholerae non-O1 (< 3-23), V. furnissii (< 3-30), V. mimicus (< 3-9) and V. vulnificus (< 3-3). The highest incidence was observed for V. alginolyticus (92-100%), followed by V. parahaemolyticus (67-92%), V. fluvialis (34-67%), V. vulnificus (8-17%), V. furnissii (0-17%), V. mimicus (0-17%) and V. cholerae non-O1 (0-8%). Tests for virulence factors were positive in 34.1% of the vibrios in the rabbit ileal loop and 31.7% in the Dean test. Positive results in the Kanagawa test were obtained with 0.51% of V. parahaemolyticus strains. The mean values (MPN 100 g-1) of faecal coliforms in mussels from the three regions varied from 1100 to 44,000, and seawater collected at the same stations gave average values for faecal coliforms in the range 18-3300 MPN 100 ml-1. These results highlight the potential risks of food poisoning associated with raw or undercooked seafood.

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“…Damselysin, a phospholipase D, has been purified, and many of its biological and physicochemical properties have been characterized (10,12,13). Many Vibrio species are known to produce cytolysins (9,14,19,23,(26)(27)(28) whose roles in the pathogenesis of diseases caused by the bacteria need to be determined. In that regard, cytolysins are known to be virulence factors for Aeromonas hydrophila, Listeria monocytogenes, and some Escherichia coli strains (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%