Detection of virulence genes in ESBL producing, quinolone resistant commensal Escherichia coli from rural Indian children

Abstract

Introduction: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing commensal Escherichia coli are considered as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes that may be transmitted in the community. This study aimed to determine the genes coding for ESBLs, plasmid mediated quinolone resistance and virulence markers in commensal E. coli isolated from healthy school children. Methodology: ESBL producing E. coli isolates (n = 47) were obtained from 529 fecal samples of healthy school children from a rural area in central India. Multiplex PCR was used to detect the genes coding for cephalosporin and quinolone resistance, for virulence fluA, fluB, stx1, stx2, eae, bfp, lt, stII, virF, ipaH, daaE, aafII and phylogenetic groups. Results: Of the 47 ESBL producing E. coli, 41 were positive for CTXM-15, 23 for TEM-1, 8 for OXA-1and a single for SHV-12. For plasmidmediated quinolone resistance, all the 47 isolates carried the aac(6')-ib-cr gene, and amongst them18 were qnrS positive. Virulence gene, fluA was detected in 32,whereas eae in 14, daaE in 7 and fluB in 1. In 10 isolates, fluA and eae and in 7, fluA and daaE co-existed. Of the 47 E. coli isolates, 18 were grouped into the phylogenetic group B2, 17 in D and 12 in A. The proportion of isolates positive for fluA gene in the phylogenetic group B2 (18/18), was significantly higher than in group A (7/12) and D (6/17). Conclusion: Commensal E. coli in healthy children in rural India may serve as reservoirs of resistance towards cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones and virulence coding genes for urinary tract and diarrheal infections.

Comparative genomics of Campylobacter concisus : Analysis of clinical strains reveals genome diversity and pathogenic potential

“…Although Salmonella and Escherichia are closely related genera, this opens up the possibility that this could be a Proteobacterial specific trait and further work should be undertaken to fully understand how susceptible C. concisus strains are to HGT. Interspecies transfer of plasmids with antibiotic resistance genes has been demonstrated in children in rural India 55 . Commensal E. coli strains were shown to act as a reservoir of resistance and virulence genes that could be transferred between the same or different species.…”

Genomic characterization of a multidrug-resistant uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> and evaluation of <i>Echeveria</i> plant extracts as antibacterials

“…Therefore, extensive epidemiological and genomic surveys are required. On the other hand, the association between bla CTX-M-15 and bla OXA-1 has been previously demonstrated in plasmids of the IncF group, thus reducing the effect of the combination of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors [65] . The UTI-U7 genomic analysis showed the presence of a group of plasmid replicons (IncFIA, IncFIB, and IncFII).…”

Emerging Trends in Quinolone Resistance among Urinary Pathogens: A Brief Review

“…The study underscores the necessity for ongoing surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship in communities to mitigate the potential spread of antibiotic resistance among healthy populations. [22] A study conducted whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on 103 carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CREc) urinary isolates to analyze fluoroquinolone-resistant determinants. Predominantly, ST410, followed by ST405 and ST361, with Clermont phylogroup C, were identified as the most frequent.…”