Determinants of personal exposure to PM2.5 and black carbon in Chinese adults: A repeated-measures study in villages using solid fuel energy

Abstract

Highlights PM 2.5 exposures were on average 2 times higher than outdoor PM 2.5 . Men and women had similar exposures to PM 2.5 after accounting for smoking. Within-individual variances were much larger than between-individual variances. Indoor sources explained 7–28% of between-individual variance in PM 2.5 exposure. Outdoor PM 2.5 explained 16% of within-individual variance in PM 2.5 exposure.

Impacts of Chinese spring festival on household PM 2.5 pollution and blood pressure of rural residents

“…13 While for rural areas which are far from industry sources and have limited motor vehicles, indoor solid fuel burning and/or smoking contributed most to HAP. 14,15 Apart from only focusing on the concentrations of HAP, "Home-Chem" is becoming an issue in recent studies. 16,17 In indoor, chemical and physical transformations of air pollutants could occur under certain conditions.…”

Chemical Investigation of Household Solid Fuel Use and Outdoor Air Pollution Contributions to Personal PM2.5 Exposures

“…The ICP study design, participants, and data collection have been described elsewhere. 32 − 34 Briefly, 787 individuals aged 40–79 were enrolled in the ICP study (258 in Beijing, 290 in Shanxi, and 239 in Guangxi) in 2015 and 2016. All three study sites were rural but becoming more peri-urban, and households used biomass and/or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for cooking.…”

“…Pedometers were also included in waistpacks to monitor compliance, where samples were flagged as potentially noncompliant and excluded from these analyses if they had step counts of <500 steps. 32 …”

Cytotoxicity and chemical composition of women's personal PM2.5 exposures from rural China

“…The PM 2.5 samples used in these experiments were collected as part of two epidemiological studies in China, both of which have been described previously. 8,18,19 Sichuan samples were collected from female participants in rural villages during a government-sponsored household energy initiative in 2014-2016, 8 and Shanxi and Beijing samples were collected from male and female participants in rural villages from the multiprovince INTERMAP China Prospective study in 2015-2016. 18,19 At all three sites, subsistence farming was the main occupation of the majority of study participants (>70%) and study participants used solid fuels for household cooking and heating.…”

“…Sampling was conducted using 37 mm Zeuor PTFE lters (Pall Life Sciences, USA) using Harvard personal environmental monitors (Mesa Labs, USA) 20 with personal sampling pumps (Apex Pro and TUFF™, Casella Inc., USA) operating at 1.8 lpm. 8,19 Study participants carried the samplers in waistpacks or placed samplers nearby if necessary (e.g. during bathing and sleeping).…”