Determinants of Retrovirus (Htlv-Iii) Antibody and Immunodeficiency Conditions in Homosexual Men

Goedert, James J.; Biggar, Robert J.; Winn, Deborah M.; Greene, Mark H.; Mann, Dean L.; Gallo, Robert C.; Sarngadharan, M. G.; Weiss, Stanley H.; Grossman, Ronald J.; Bodner, Anne J.; Strong, Douglas M.; Blattner, William A.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(84)92624-2

Cited by 273 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Our data are inconsistent with their finding that "oral receptive intercourse appeared to be slightly protective [against HIV infection]." Goedert,et al,3 reported that number of homosexual partners and frequency of receptive anal intercourse were most highly associated with HIV seropositivity and that these two variables produced "synergism"; insertive anal intercourse was associated with seronegativity ("protective"'),…”

Section: Multivariate Analysescontrasting

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in homosexual men.

Darrow¹,

Echenberg²,

Jaffe³

et al. 1987

Am J Public Health

211

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To clarify risk factors for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) we selected at random 785 homosexual men who had participated in studies of hepatitis B in San Francisco in 1978-80 for a follow-up study of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Although most had not been contacted in over five years, 492 (63 per cent) were located and enrolled. The 240 (67 per cent) who had developed antibodies to HIV, as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were compared IntroductionSince initial reports of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in homosexual (gay) men, several investigations have attempted to define behavioral risk factors for

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Section: Multivariate Analysescontrasting

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in homosexual men.

Darrow¹,

Echenberg²,

Jaffe³

et al. 1987

Am J Public Health

211

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“…In our view, the most reasonable (and conservative) interpretation of the isotype data is that the humoral immune response to HIV has the characteristics of a mature, ongoing, T-dependent response. (37)(38)(39), that levels decline with increasing duration of time since exposure (17,(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42), and that a low CD4 cell level is a poor-prognostic sign in HIV-infected persons (16,(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45) The envelope glycoprotein gpl 10 participates in binding virus to the CD4 molecule (48) and is considered a likely target for interference with virus replication by antibody (4-6, 25, 29-31). In this context, it makes sense that lower anti-gpl 10 titers might predispose to more severe CD4 cell depletion and clinical AIDS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody response to human immunodeficiency virus in homosexual men. Relation of antibody specificity, titer, and isotype to clinical status, severity of immunodeficiency, and disease progression.

McDougal¹,

Kennedy²,

Nicholson³

et al. 1987

J. Clin. Invest.

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The titers and isotypes of antibodies to specific proteins of the human immodeficiency virus were determined by Western blot analysis of sera from 107 homosexual men.Antibody titers were generally lower in sera from patients with the acquired immudeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and in sera from men whose condition subsequently progressed to AIDS than in sera from men who had not progressed to AIDS. We found no evidence of isotypic prominence or restriction of the antibody response. In multivariate analysis, lower levels of CD4 helper cells were most highly associated with progression to AIDS. Lower antibody titers to the envelope protein gpllO, the core protein p24, and the reverse transeriptase enzyme p51/65 were also predictive of progression to AIDS independent of their Association with CD4 cell levels. These data suggest that differences in antibody levels are not simply a consequence of severe imnmunodeficiency but may be markers for control of infection.

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“…These individuals were originally selected as CD4-matched lymphoma-free controls for a study of AIDS non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in three National Cancer Institute HIV-infected cohorts. 9 Nineteen subjects were from a cohort of 133 HIV-infected male homosexuals from Manhattan and Washington, 10 103 were among 2126 HIV-infected hemophilia patients, 11 and 59 were in a study of 2803 patients at AIDS treatment and clinical trial sites. 12 The study participants were mainly white (83.4%), male (93.4%), and had a median age of 37.0 (IQR 31.4-42.9).…”

Section: Subjects and Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Levels of Circulating Cytokines with HIV-Related Immunosuppression

Shebl

Landgren

et al. 2012

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Cytokines may contribute to the severity of CD4 cell depletion with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but quantitative relationships are not well defined. Serum and plasma from 181 HIV-infected individuals were tested with Millipore 30-plex Luminex cytokine assays. Within-individual correlations among cytokines were summarized by two-dimensional hierarchical cluster analysis. Associations with age, sex, race, CD4 count, and HIV viral load were determined with linear regression models. Tests for statistical significance were corrected for multiple comparisons, using a false discovery rate of 0.1. African-Americans had significantly higher levels than whites of six cytokines (IL-2, IL-5, IL-7, IL-15, fractalkine, and IFN-c), and lower levels of MCP-1. Females had higher fractalkine levels than males. Age was not associated with levels of any cytokine. Six cytokines, including the T-helper (Th) type 1 cytokine IL-15, the Th2 cytokines IL-1ra and IL-10, the chemokines fractalkine and MCP-1, and the growth factor G-CSF were each inversely associated with CD4 count; no cytokine was directly associated with CD4 count. Fractalkine was directly associated with HIV viral load, adjusted for CD4 count. Cytokines clustered by primary function (e.g., Th1, Th2, proinflammatory, chemokines, or growth factors) whereas individuals clustered according to cytokine levels (generally high, intermediate, or low) had significantly different CD4 counts [medians (interquartile range) of 60 (17-162), 131 (62-321), and 155 (44-467), respectively; p < 0.0001]. CD4 deficiency is associated with generalized increases in cytokines of various functions. Racial differences in cytokine response to HIV infection could contribute to disparities in disease progression.

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Determinants of Retrovirus (Htlv-Iii) Antibody and Immunodeficiency Conditions in Homosexual Men

Cited by 273 publications

References 23 publications

Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in homosexual men.

Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in homosexual men.

Antibody response to human immunodeficiency virus in homosexual men. Relation of antibody specificity, titer, and isotype to clinical status, severity of immunodeficiency, and disease progression.

Increased Levels of Circulating Cytokines with HIV-Related Immunosuppression

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