Determinants of Women's Entrepreneurial Attitude Across European Cultures

Abstract

This chapter explores the factors affecting women entrepreneurial attitudes across a range of European cultures. It acknowledges that women's socio-cultural profile across Europe has become an interesting issue to consider. The findings show that getting an insight into the world of women entrepreneurs helps us to understand their roles, expectations, and the factors that influence their entrepreneurial attitudes across different cultures. In addition, gender-based differences and stereotypes are noted as prevalent in the enterprise and entrepreneurship. Despite the challenges, this chapter indicates the women's success in business ventures and why they are perceived as entrepreneurs operating in a European culture. This chapter concludes by calling for a change from the traditional masculinity and femininity validation to the modern perception of women entrepreneurship as the way for innovation and economic growth.

The Roles of Psychological Capital and Gender in University Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions

“…The basis of the intention to undertake is seen as a different experience between men and women, as the perception and cognition of both ( Hyams-Ssekasi et al, 2019 ) lead to a different path in their development. This fact has attracted interest from researchers in this field on why people become entrepreneurs and what is the role of gender in increasing entrepreneurship.…”

Entrepreneurial Potential and Gender Effects: The Role of Personality Traits in University Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions

“…Because of this, clear patterns between male and female entrepreneurship can be observed, such as concentration in different types of venture (e.g., males more focused in STEM fields, females in services of highly routine tasks (McCracken et al, 2015; Kelley et al, 2017) and different levels of growth orientation in their business (Klapper and Parker, 2011); as well different goals, action patterns and perceptions about business (Minniti, 2009; Dilli and Westerhuis, 2018). This asymmetry in the entrepreneurial mindset by gender is important because, first, both contribute differently in societal development, as well different sectors and services (OECD, 2016; Hyams-Ssekasi et al, 2019). Second, because said asymmetrical behavior in business is also attributed to gender-held stereotypes, where it generally still holds a male-like vision of business, meaning it is sometimes skewed toward favoring masculine models of behavior (e.g., high profit, high ambition and growth goals (Klapper and Parker, 2011; Balachandra et al, 2017).…”

“…The process of business creation, and indeed, the preceding factors that lead to it, is a different experience for males and females, including perceptual and cognitive factors that lead to develop intentions to start the venturing process (Gupta et al, 2017; Hyams-Ssekasi et al, 2019). This has gained traction in the research field because entrepreneurial potential is also dependent on whether these variables are accounting for gender differences, and in which way they can be factored to increase this potential, but what is this potential in this case?…”

The Role of Gender Moderates the Effect of Entrepreneurial Mindsets on Student Intention

“…The entrepreneurial mindset is created from the dimension of entrepreneurial orientation, this happens because the mindset is related to strategic thinking, which is entrepreneurial thinking, so those are a parallel relationship among entrepreneurial mindset and behavior, this is what builds the basis for entrepreneurial orientation (Ramadani et al, 2020). It is important to study the entrepreneurial mindset based on gender because they both contribute differently to community development (Hyams-Ssekasi et al, 2018).…”