Determination and Characterization of Glycerophospholipids in Olive Fruit and Oil by Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis with Electrospray-Mass Spectrometric Detection

Abstract

A nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis method with electrospray-mass spectrometric detection was developed to study the glycerophospholipid fraction in olive fruit and olive oil samples. In olive fruits, where the information available about the phospholipid fraction was very scarce, results obtained in this work allowed us to complete and improve this knowledge. The glycerophospholipid fraction of the olive fruit samples analyzed was composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (lyso-PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidic acid (PA), lysophosphatidic acid (lyso-PA), and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). Differences in the relative abundance of the glycerophospholipid classes determined were observed as a function of the botanical and geographical origin of the olive fruits analyzed. Interestingly, the olive stone and pulp analyzed also showed different glycerophospholipid compositions. For olive oil, five glycerophospholipids (lyso-PA, PC, PE, lyso-PE, and PG) were detected. Finally, identification of the main molecular species in the different glycerophospholipid classes for the olive fruit samples analyzed was accomplished by tandem mass spectrometric experiments and information from the literature.

Recent advances in the application of capillary electromigration methods for food analysis and Foodomics

“…However, these compounds have scarcely been studied in vegetable foods by capillary electromigration methods. To this regard, a novel NACE‐ESI‐MS method has been recently developed for the analysis of olive fruit and oil samples . The method enabled the identification of the main molecular species of each glycerophospholipid found in the olive samples analyzed.…”

Advance of CE and CEC in phytochemical analysis (2012–2013)

“…Especially, NACE, using organic solvents instead of water, was used in CZE. ACN , methanol , 1‐propanol , or their mixture were commonly used. Besides, a novel and very simple NACE method has been established for analyzing seven quaternary alkaloids in Coptis rhizome using 1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate‐based ionic liquid (IL) as BGE.…”

“…The main drawback of CE is the low detection capability, and the utilization of hyphenated MS detection offers high sensitivity and the possibility of structurally characterizing the analytes. Sheath liquid is widely used for transferring analytes from liquid phase of CE to gas phase of MS . Actually, various sheathless interfaces have been developed to enhance the concentration sensitivity of CE–MS .…”

“…Indeed, sheathless CE‐MS has been used for metabolome analysis . Great success has been achieved in online coupling of CE to MS (CE‐MS) using ESI . Volatile electrolyte buffer, such as formic acid , ammonium acetate , ammonium acetate‐acetic acid , ammonium formate‐acetic acid , were commonly used.…”

“…Great success has been achieved in online coupling of CE to MS (CE‐MS) using ESI . Volatile electrolyte buffer, such as formic acid , ammonium acetate , ammonium acetate‐acetic acid , ammonium formate‐acetic acid , were commonly used. CE‐MS has been used for analysis of free amino acids in commercial royal jelly products , isomeric bavachin, and isobavachalcone in the Fructus Psoraleae and six Fructus Psoraleae containing preparations , isoflavones in soy products , vinblastine and its monomeric precursors vindoline, and catharanthine in C. roseus , four hydrophilic active components (danshensu, salvianolic acid B, caffeic acid, and lithospermic acid) in Salvia miltiorrhiza , and characterization of pharmaceutical glycoproteins .…”