Determination of 4’-Hydroxyacetanilide in Leaves Extract of Aquilaria malaccencis by High Pressure Liquid Chromatograph

Abstract

In this study determination of a compound commonly known as acetaminophen in the leaf extract of Aquilaria malaccencis was studied and discussed. Aquilaria species are well known for its valuable agarwood. Acetaminophen or 4'-hydroxyacetanilide in its synthesis name is the main compound found in synthetic drugs. This synthetic drug is referred in treating fever, migraine and other type of illness. Traditionally, it is known that Aquilaria species able to treat various illnesses, including fever in which the leaves is treated as tea and believed to cure many other illnesses. A simple and validated method was developed for the study of 4'-hydroxyacetanilide by High Performance Liquid (HPLC). This analysis is well conducted with C18 column to separate the compounds. The method is validated with different parameters in terms of linearity, range, accuracy and robustness. The mobile phase used in this study is acetonitrile and water (20:80). The pH was adjusted to 3.5 with the aid of orthophosphoric acid. The flow rate was set to 0.8 ml/min and a spectrophotometric condition at 193 NM. The percentage of recovery from this method is within 98% to 101%, which indicates this method is reliable and can be applied to an analysis of 4'-hydroxyacetanilide from Aquilaria malaccencis. The concentration of 4'-hydroxyacetanilide determined in the leaves extract of Aquilaria malaccencis at 60 o C were 0.807μg/ml, 1.398μg/ml and 1.811μg/ml for varied ratio ( raw materials: water) 1:80, 1:40 and 1:27 respectively.

Review: Secondary Metabolites of Aquilaria, a Thymelaeaceae Genus

“…They include several nucleosides ( 177 - 182 ) and 4-hydroxyacetanilide ( 183 ). The nucleosides were isolated from the petioles and leaves of A. sinensis , whereas 4-hydroxyacetanilide ( 183) was obtained from a leaves extract of A. malaccencis [ 34 , 51 ]. From the stem bark of A. malaccensis tree, the glyceride 1,3-dibehenyl-2-ferulyl glyceride ( 184 ) was isolated and identified [ 46 ], Fig.…”

Evaluation of acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of the aqueous extract of Aquilaria malaccensis leaves in Sprague Dawley rats

“…Steroids were also identified in both methanol and water extracts of A. malaccensis leaves (Nik Wil et al, 2014). Acetaminophen or its synthetic form, 4'hydroxyacetanilide also available in the leaves extract of A. malaccensis (Afiffudden, Alwi, & Hamid, 2015). Various phytoconstituents can be isolated from A. malaccensis leaves which can contribute to the health and well-being of humans.…”

The Effect of Enzymatic Pre-Treatment in Agarwood Oil Extraction

“…Figure 3 shows a comparison between EP3 (6) and EP3 3with an oil yield of 0.125 % and 0.105 %, respectively. EP3 (3) with lower incubation time gives a lower percentage of agarwood oil yield as compared to that of EP3 (6). This shows that three days of incubation time cannot produce a better yield than six days.…”

“…Agarwood, also known locally as gaharu, is the fragrant resin produced primarily by the Aquilaria species (family: Thymelaeceae) and is highly valuable non-timber forest product and is high in demand globally [5]. It is also known by the name of Oudh, Chen Xiang and Eagleswood [6]. A few well-known agarwood-producing trees in the Thymelaeceae family are A. agallocha, A. crassna, A. bailloni, and A. Grandiflora [7].…”