The effectiveness of banana stem juice as a natural coagulant for treatment of spent coolant wastewater was investigated . Three main parameters were studied, namely, chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SSs), and turbidity of effluent. Coagulation experiments using jar test were performed with a flocculation system where the effects of spent coolant wastewater pH as well as banana stem juice dosage on coagulation effectiveness were examined. The highest recorded COD, SS, and turbidity removal percentages by banana stem juice were 80.1%, 88.6%, and 98.5%, respectively, observed for effluent at pH 7 using 90 mL dosage. The inulin concentration in the banana stem was examined to be 1.22016 mg/mL. It could be concluded that banana stem juice showed tremendous potential as a natural coagulant for water treatment purposes and could be applied in the pretreatment stage of Malaysian spent coolant wastewater prior to secondary treatment.

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The aim of this work is to study controllability of cell structure of foam by a Polypropylene (PP)/Polystyrene (PS)/ Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) ternary polymer blend. The effects of different polymer matrix, its blend morphology, and rheology on the cell structure of the ternary blend foam were investigated. The batch pressure quenched foaming of the ternary blend with supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) was conducted in the temperature range from 60 to 160°C for PP matrix and 60 to 140°C for PS and PMMA matrices to observe the controllability of bubble location and size. The experimental results showed that interfacial tension, foaming temperature, and viscoelasticity are the important factors to control the cellular structure in ternary blend system.

In this study determination of a compound commonly known as acetaminophen in the leaf extract of Aquilaria malaccencis was studied and discussed. Aquilaria species are well known for its valuable agarwood. Acetaminophen or 4'-hydroxyacetanilide in its synthesis name is the main compound found in synthetic drugs. This synthetic drug is referred in treating fever, migraine and other type of illness. Traditionally, it is known that Aquilaria species able to treat various illnesses, including fever in which the leaves is treated as tea and believed to cure many other illnesses. A simple and validated method was developed for the study of 4'-hydroxyacetanilide by High Performance Liquid (HPLC). This analysis is well conducted with C18 column to separate the compounds. The method is validated with different parameters in terms of linearity, range, accuracy and robustness. The mobile phase used in this study is acetonitrile and water (20:80). The pH was adjusted to 3.5 with the aid of orthophosphoric acid. The flow rate was set to 0.8 ml/min and a spectrophotometric condition at 193 NM. The percentage of recovery from this method is within 98% to 101%, which indicates this method is reliable and can be applied to an analysis of 4'-hydroxyacetanilide from Aquilaria malaccencis. The concentration of 4'-hydroxyacetanilide determined in the leaves extract of Aquilaria malaccencis at 60 o C were 0.807μg/ml, 1.398μg/ml and 1.811μg/ml for varied ratio ( raw materials: water) 1:80, 1:40 and 1:27 respectively.