Determination of absolute number of graphene layers on nickel substrate with scanning Auger microprobe

Shima, Masayoshi; Kato, Hitoshi; Shihommatsu, Kota; Homma, Yoshikazu

doi:10.7567/1882-0786/ab5743

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…25 The intensity of AES maps may be carefully quantified to determine the thickness of 2D materials. 49,50 However, this only extends to a qualitative thickness comparison that implies a relative thickness relationship based on AES intensities. The chemical signal from the AES Ga map (Figure 3e) is closely correlated with the grayscale levels in SEM (Figure 3b).…”

Section: Sem Contrast Evolution During the Chet Growthmentioning

confidence: 88%

Scalable Characterization of 2D Gallium-Intercalated Epitaxial Graphene

El‐Sherif

Briggs

Bersch

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Scalable synthesis of two-dimensional gallium (2D-Ga) covered by graphene layers was recently realized through confinement heteroepitaxy using silicon carbide substrates. However, the thickness, uniformity, and area coverage of the 2D-Ga heterostructures have not previously been studied with high-spatial resolution techniques. In this work, we resolve and measure the 2D-Ga heterostructure thicknesses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Utilizing multiple correlative methods, we find that SEM image contrast is directly related to the presence of uniform bilayer Ga at the interface and a variation of the number of graphene layers. We also investigate the origin of SEM contrast using both experimental measurements and theoretical calculations of the surface potentials. We find that a carbon buffer layer is detached due to the gallium intercalation, which increases the surface potential as an indication of the 2D-Ga presence. We then scale up the heterostructure characterization over a few-square millimeter area by segmenting SEM images, each acquired with nanometer-scale in-plane resolution. This work leverages the spectroscopic imaging capabilities of SEM that allows high-spatial resolution imaging for tracking intercalants, identifying relative surface potentials, determining the number of 2D layers, and further characterizing scalability and uniformity of low-dimensional materials.

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Section: Sem Contrast Evolution During the Chet Growthmentioning

confidence: 88%

Scalable Characterization of 2D Gallium-Intercalated Epitaxial Graphene

El‐Sherif

Briggs

Bersch

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…raphene, a two-dimension structure built up by carbon atoms in a honeycomb lattice, 1) has recently triggered very intense and multidisciplinary research efforts due to its outstanding electromagnetic, mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Graphene's unique properties have been exploited to design miniaturized and reconfigurable resonant antennas, [10][11][12] switchable metasurface, 13) attenuator 14) and sensor 15,16) with unrivaled radiation efficiency and functionalities in microwave, THz and even optical frequencies. The linear dispersion relation of the 2D Dirac fermions of graphene leads to ultra-wide band tunability by electrical biasing or chemical doping, 17) which facilitates the implementation of adjustable equipment especially graphene-based reconfigurable THz antennas.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-band dual-polarization reconfigurable THz antenna based on graphene

Zhao

et al. 2020

Appl. Phys. Express

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A dual-band polarization reconfigurable terahertz antenna is proposed by incorporating a monopole antenna with a graphene-based dual-band active polarization converter metasurface (APCM). The APCM unit cell adopts two perpendicular slots on the top and two biased graphene patches on the bottom, which can be switched from ON (polarization conversion) to OFF (polarization maintain) in dual-band by adjusting the chemical potentials of graphene from 0 to 0.5 eV. By loading the APCM array under the monopole antenna, the dual-band polarization reconfigurable THz antenna achieves four working states including dual linear polarizations and dual circular polarizations.

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