Determination of amoxapine and nortriptyline in blood plasma and serum by salt‐assisted liquid–liquid microextraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography

Abstract

A new, selective and sensitive method has been developed for the determination of tricyclic antidepressant drugs, amoxapine and nortriptyline, in human blood plasma and serum, involving their reaction with allyl isothiocyanate and extraction of thiourea derivatives with water-miscible organic solvent acetonitrile. The phase separation was effected by addition of ammonium sulphate, a process called salt-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction. The extract was analyzed by HPLC with UV detection at 254 nm. The method has been optimized for derivatization reaction time and temperature, solvent for extraction, and salt for solvent phase separation. Under the optimal conditions, a linear calibration graph was obtained between the amount of drug and the peak area of thiourea derivatives in the range of 0.002-20 mg/L drugs. The correlation coefficient and limit of detection values for amoxapine and nortriptyline in serum/plasma samples were in the range of 0.9953-0.9999 and 0.46-0.58 μg/L, respectively. The recovery in spiking experiments ranged, respectively, 75-88% (RSD 3.4-7.2%) and 79-97% (RSD 3.7-7.9%) for the two drugs.

Development and validation of a sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of amoxapine in human plasma and urine

“…Compared with existing procedures, the described method exhibits advantages including short analysis time, low derivatization concentration LOD and low consumption of sample and reagent. In addition, the recovery percentage of AMX is high and derivatization processes are not time‐consuming. The instrument is simple and is not of high cost .…”

“…HPLC has been used to study 14 tricyclicantidepressants and metabolites in human plasma . HPLC with UV detection has been used in the determination of AMX and nortriptyline in blood plasma and serum . AMX and its metabolites have been determined using HPLC .…”

Applications of Gas Chromatography for the Analysis of Tricyclic Antidepressants in Biological Matrices

“…Structural isomers of tricyclic antidepressants include N-and O-heteroatoms in the rings, hydrocarbon chain length and double bond positions. Tricyclic antidepressants are able to produce therapeutic responses in patients with major depression and hence are primarily used for its treatment [3][4][5].…”

Development of Ultraviolet-Spectrophotometric Method for Analysis of Amoxapine in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

“…There are numerous methods available for analysis of amoxapine, such as high-performance liquid chromatography [6][7][8][9], high-performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS [10], and spectrofluorimetric method [11]. The spectrophotometric method using chromogenic reagents such as phenanthroline and naphthoquinone sulfate for color development and first-order spectrophotometric method using ethanol as a solvent are also reported [12,13].…”