Determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes in soils by multiple headspace solid-phase microextraction

Ezquerro, Óscar; Ortiz, Gustavo; Pons, Begoña; Tena, Marı́a Teresa

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2004.02.030

Cited by 128 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This method uses a solvent-free sample preparation technique in which a fused silica fibre coated with polymeric organic liquids is introduced into the headspace above the sample closed in a glass vial. The volatilized organic analytes are extracted and concentrated in the coating and then transferred to the GC/MS (Zhang and Pawliszyn, 1993;Llompart et al, 1999;Ezquerro et al, 2004). Cai et al (2006) firstly characterized VOCs and odorants associated with pig barn particulate matter using SPME and GC/MS.…”

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confidence: 99%

Chemical characterization of volatile organic compounds on animal farms

Cigánek¹,

Neča²

2008

Vet. Med.

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More than one hundred volatile organic substances were identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in the indoor and outdoor air, stable and farm road dust and farm soil samples from two pig and cattle farms in the South Moravian Region. Volatile fatty acids (acetic, propanoic, butanoic and pentanoic acids) and their esters dominated along with aldehydes (butanal, pentanal and hexanal) and 4-methylphenol in the indoor and outdoor air samples. Road dust and soil samples contained mainly volatile aromatic compounds (toluene, benzene, ethylbenzene, styrene and xylenes), aliphatic hydrocarbons (largely n-alkanes), dichloromethane and carbon disulphide. The health risks associated with particular volatile compounds detected in the indoor and outdoor samples from the farms need to be assessed.

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confidence: 99%

Chemical characterization of volatile organic compounds on animal farms

Cigánek¹,

Neča²

2008

Vet. Med.

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“…19, No. 6, 2008 and xylenes (BTEX) from soils was reported by Ezquerro et al 21 The pores in carboxen-PDMS fibers gradually taper so that minor gaseous molecules diffuse more deeply into them and remain adsorbed and rigorous desorption conditions are needed to ensure no carryover analytes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Headspace solid-phase microextraction procedure for gas-chromatography analysis of toluene in urine

Netto¹,

Reis²,

Mendes³

et al. 2008

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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O tolueno é amplamente usado em aplicações industriais e de laboratório, e está relacionado a problemas de abuso social. O tolueno inalterado em urina é considerado um bioindicador mais específico da exposição ocupacional ao solvente. Entretanto, sua análise apresenta algumas dificuldades de ordem analítica, relacionadas aos baixos valores detectados em urina. Nesta pesquisa foi desenvolvido um método cromatográfico em fase gasosa com detecção por ionização em chama e usando-se a técnica de headspace-microextração em fase sólida em dois diferentes tipos de fibra: polidimetilsiloxana (PDMS) e carboxen-PDMS. Após a otimização das variáveis dos processos de extração, o uso da fibra carboxen-PDMS demonstrou menor limite de quantificação (12,5 ng mL -1 ), melhor eficiência de extração (até 28,1%) e repetibilidade (CV < 4,9%) com relação à de PDMS. O método foi aplicado na análise de tolueno em urina de trabalhadores expostos a baixos teores do solvente em oficinas de reparo de veículos.Toluene is widely used in industrial and laboratory applications and in many countries is related with social problems of abuse. Unaltered urinary toluene was introduced as a bioindicator of occupational exposure to the solvent, but its analysis presents difficulties due to the low levels of the compound excreted in urine. A gas-chromatography/flame ionization method for toluene in urine is described using headspace solid-phase microextraction and establishing the better conditions for two different extracting phases: polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and carboxen-PDMS. The carboxen-PDMS fiber showed lower quantifying limit (12.5 ng mL -1 ), better extraction efficiency (up to 28.1%) and repeatability (CV < 4.9%) than PDMS coating. The method was applied to analysis of toluene in urine of workers from car repair shops exposed to low solvent levels.

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“…SPME methods in the analysis of BTEX, MTBE and TBA in water have many merits, in which is convenient, rapid, robotic and sensitive. 13,18,19,22 However, the method has the disadvantages in the investigation of contaminated soil because of the sorption competition by frequently found co-contaminants needs to be considered and the limited lifetime of the fiber. Especially, another drawback in the simultaneous investigation method of BTEX, MTBE and TBA in contaminated soil is the limitation of adsorption/partitioning fibers optimal all together to the analytes having various physicochemical properties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of MTBE, TBA and BTEX in Soil by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Shin¹

2012

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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A headspace gas chromatographic mass spectrometric (GC-MS) assay method was developed for the simultaneous determination of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) and benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylene (BTEX) in soil contaminated with gasoline. 2 g of soil sample were placed in a 10 mL headspace vial filled with 5 mL of phosphoric acid solution (pH 3) saturated with NaCl, and the solution was spiked with fluorobenzene as an internal standard and sealed with a cap. The vial was heated in a heating block for 40 min at 80 o C. The detection limits of the assay were 0.08-0.12 µg/kg for the analytes. For five independent determinations at 10 and 50 µg/kg, the relative standard deviations were less than 10%. The method was used to analyze fifty six soil samples collected from various regions contaminated with gasoline in Korea. The developed method may be valuable for the monitoring of the analytes in soil.

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Determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes in soils by multiple headspace solid-phase microextraction

Cited by 128 publications

References 20 publications

Chemical characterization of volatile organic compounds on animal farms

Chemical characterization of volatile organic compounds on animal farms

Headspace solid-phase microextraction procedure for gas-chromatography analysis of toluene in urine

Determination of MTBE, TBA and BTEX in Soil by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

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