Determination of cadmium in biological and environmental samples by slurry electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Cadmium Contamination of Vegetable Crops, Farmlands, and Irrigation Waters

“…Robles and Aller (1995) recommended that slurries be used for Cd quantification with ETA-AAS in biological and environmental samples; these suspensions are prepared from fresh, dried, or lyophilized solid samples with the help of wetting agents and surfactants. This approacb obviates the need for conventional treatment by dissolving the sample and thus minimizes manipulation, considerably facilitating the analysis and avoiding artifact contamination or loss of the analyte.…”

Atomic Spectrometric Techniques for the Analysis of Clinical Samples

“…Two reviews on the use of slurry sampling in the period 1990-2000 and on direct solid sampling in the period 1995-2005 were published [63,64]. In the first of the two reviews, one can see that human hair was the clinical sample most studied for determining Al and Mn [65], Hg [66], Pb [67], Ag [68], Cr [69], Ni [70], Cd [71] and also, Cd, Mn, and Pb in animal tissues [72], and Cd in microorganisms such as E scherichia coli and Pseudomona putrida [73]. In the second review, applications of solid sampling for Cd determination in kidney and liver [74] and for Cu and Zn in bovine liver were reported [75].…”

Nickel as a Chemical Modifier for Sensitivity Enhancement and Fast Atomization Processes in Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Cadmium in Biological and Environmental Samples

“…[7][8][9] Nonetheless, to solve the lack of sensitivity, the method of choice has routinely been the addition of chemical modifiers. [10][11][12][13] Many chemical modifiers have been used in the determination of cadmium, palladium and magnesium, being the most largely used, [14][15][16][17][18][19] sometimes in combination with other species (ammonium phosphate, 16,18,19 nickel 19 and sodium azide).…”