Determination of dichloroanilines in human urine by GC–MS, GC–MS–MS, and GC–ECD as markers of low-level pesticide exposure

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in metabolic profiling of biological fluids

“…The combination of these techniques is best suited to cover a very large part of the urine metabolome by enabling the detection of both lipophilic and hydrophilic metabolites present in urine [54]. Apart from the global metabolite profiling, GC/MS has been successfully utilized in analysis of specific class of metabolites in urine [55][56][57][58]. In one study, GC/MS based metabonomics has been applied to identify differences in urinary metabolic profiles between healthy subjects and type 2 diabetes patients [12].…”

Liquid chromatography determination of the anti-androgen vinclozolin and its metabolites in rat serum

“…The standard deviation of these replicates was determined and multiplied by 3.29, which yielded the limit of detection [17]. Limits of quantification were defined as the lowest concentration of the calibration curve which could be measured with a precision and accuracy below 30% [18].…”

FI-photoinduced Chemiluminescence Method for Diuron Determination in Water Samples

“…For instance, ethyl iodide has been used as an alkylating agent, 18 as has iodoethane with sodium hydride 19 or pentafluorobenzylbromide, 20 while heptafluorobutyric anhydride has been used for acetylation of various phenylureas. 21 It complicates the analysis, which is why liquid chromatography (LC) with spectrophotometric 22,23 or fluorometric detection is usually preferred. Although diuron is not itself fluorescent, it becomes strongly fluorescent after postcolumn irradiation with UV light.…”