Determination of eicosanoid and cytokine production in salvaged blood, stored red blood cell concentrates, and whole blood

Effects of Leukoreduction and Storage on Erythrocyte Phosphatidylserine Expression and Eicosanoid Concentrations in Units of Canine Packed Red Blood Cells

“…One possible explanation for these changes in eicosanoids during storage was a decline of cell health, particularly in leukocytes and platelets, leading to a decrease in cell viability and an increase in enzymatic conversion of AA to the various eicosanoids. In humans, prestorage removal of leukocytes and platelets by leukoreduction decreases the concentrations of PGE 2 and TXB 2 in stored units of pRBCs 29. In contrast, in our study, the removal of leukocytes and platelets before storage did not significantly decrease eicosanoid concentrations.…”

TRALI – Definition, mechanisms, incidence and clinical relevance

“…Two reasons account for the decrease in TRALI with leukoreduction: First, the 10% of TRALI cases due to patient antibody against donor leukocytes in the unit of blood would not occur. Second, leukoreduction reduces accumulation proinflammatory cytokines in stored blood products During storage of red cells or platelet units that are not leukoreduced, proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα accumulate in the supernatant plasma, and are virtually eliminated by prestorage leukoreduction (36)(37)(38)(39). IL-8 has neutrophil priming activity that could be important in causing TRALI (14).…”

Balance Between the Proinflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Immune Responses with Blood Transfusion in Sepsis

“…Lyso-PCs can increase NK and T cells activity, act as NK cell chemoattractants, induce dendritic cell maturation, and stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (25, 27–29). Immune suppressive eicosanoids (prostaglandins and thromboxanes) also accumulate in pRBCs (30). Altogether, the presence of these substances results in additional immunomodulation in a transfused patient.…”