Determination of Glucose in Blood Serum by New Rapid and Specific Automatic System

Abstract

The method is based on the coupled enzyme reaction, in which oxidation of glucose i s catalyzed specifically, with the subsequent formation of a colored reaction product. A few seconds after the. start the rate of formation of the colored reaction product i s proportional to glucose concentration, and this rate can b e measured accurately and automatically within about 1 minute after the reaction begins. An instrument was assembled to measure precisely the extremely small change of absorbm c e that occurs during the first part of the glucose reaction. A time ratio is obtained which is directly proporiional to concentration. A few commercially available basic units and an easily constructed control system and enzyme injector are put together so that the glucose measurement is rapid and simple. Automatic results for the determination of glucose in standards and blood serum show Good proportionality and a co2fficient of variation of about 2%.

Electrochemical Determination of Glucose Oxidase Using Diphenylamine Sulfonic Acid as a Potential Poiser.

“…Previous methods for the determination of glucose involve oxidation of substrate by enzyme to form peroxide, which then reacts with an aromatic amine in the presence of peroxidase to form a colored product (13). Recently Malmstadt (10), and Blaedel and Hicks (1) have described automated procedures for measuring the change in absorbance in the above procedure, and Malmstadt and Pardue Blaedel eliminated some of these by an automated procedure, at the cost of simplicity of apparatus.…”

Our Remembrances of Howard Malmstadt

“…In 1960, Malmstadt and Hicks published a paper describing the determination of glucose in blood serum with an automated, variable-time kinetic system. 13 This would be the first of many papers describing instrumentation and detailing kinetic methods for determining various substrates, inorganic compounds, enzymes, and other catalysts. His research with Pardue, Themis and Semi Hadjiioannou, Stan Crouch, Del Javier-Son, Emil Cordos, Ed Iracki, Mike Koupparis, and many others would lead to these methods becoming widely accepted and part of the arsenal of modern analytical and clinical chemistry.…”

History of trace analysis

“…For example, glucose oxidase has been used as a specific catalyst since 1957 [ 52 ] for the determination of glucose in blood serum via the production of hydrogen peroxide which reacts with a dye to form a colored reaction product. By designing an instrument for the automatic measurement of the initial reaction rate, Malmstadt and Hicks [ 53 ] in 1960 described a refined and specific method for glucose.…”