Determination of LD50 of barium chloride and allied agents

Syed, Ibrahim B.; Hosain, Fazle

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(72)90235-9

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…First, high-dose BaCl 2 injection, with a two-fold increase in dosage, resulted in 50% of the mice dying within 1 day after injection. Since BaCl 2 is a known arrhythmogenic agent acting as potassium channel blocker with an LD50 of 19.2 mg Ba 2+ /kg in ICR mice, 18,24) 100 μL of 1.2% BaCl 2 corresponds to 31.8 mg Ba 2+ /kg, which might have been enough to cause fatal arrhythmia. Moreover, in standard experiments of BaCl 2 -induced muscle injury using 50 μL of a 1.2% BaCl 2 solution (15.9 mg Ba 2+ /kg), mice may suffer cardiac arrhythmias which may cause alterations in systemic physiology compared to that in uninjected control mice, although these arrhythmias may not lead to mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, compared to snake venoms, the detailed local effects of BaCl 2 across a time course, including both gross and microscopic morphology, have been less studied. In addition, although its systemic toxicity 18) (median lethal dose [LD50] of 19.2 mg Ba 2+ /kg in ICR mice) associated with arrhythmogenic effects has been reported, 19) BaCl 2 -induced muscle injury models have been largely considered a locally specific method for the study of muscle regeneration. Therefore, this study sought to assess the acute systemic effects after BaCl 2 injection in mouse TA muscle along and to perform a detailed analysis of local phenotypes during injury repair along a temporal scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systemic and Local Phenotypes of Barium Chloride Induced Skeletal Muscle Injury in Mice

Jung

Choi

et al. 2019

Ann Geriatr Med Res

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Skeletal muscle regeneration in mice has traditionally been studied using local freeze burn or snake venom injection models. More recently, a barium chloride (BaCl 2 )-induced muscle injury model has been established and is gaining popularity due to the relatively simple procedure and accessibility to required reagents. Here we sought to characterize the local and systemic effects of BaCl 2 -induced muscle injury. For this study, a 1.2% BaCl 2 solution was locally administered to the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle and local and systemic phenotypes were analyzed at different timepoints. When 50 μL of the solution was injected unilaterally in the TA muscle, no mortality was observed. However, when 100 μL of the solution was injected, 50% of the mice died within 24 h. Serum analysis of the mice injected with 50 μL of BaCl 2 solution at days 1 and 7 revealed changes resembling rhabdomyolysis. At day 1 post-injection of 50 μL of the BaCl 2 solution, acute suppurative inflammation was observed in gross examination of the TA muscle, while extensive hemorrhagic necrosis was revealed on histological examination. At day 7, regenerated myofibers with centralized nuclei appeared with the resolution of acute inflammatory infiltration and the muscle tissue displayed molecular signatures consistent with myofiber differentiation. The overall muscle injury and regeneration phenotypes in the BaCl 2 -induced muscle injury model were similar to those of the well-established freeze burn or snake venom injection models. Taken together, the BaCl 2 -induced muscle injury model is comparable to conventional muscle injury and regeneration models, with considerations for possible systemic effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic and Local Phenotypes of Barium Chloride Induced Skeletal Muscle Injury in Mice

Jung

Choi

et al. 2019

Ann Geriatr Med Res

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“…Soluble salts of barium are known to be toxic (12). A recent study has shown that intravenously injected BaCl 2 is acutely toxic with LD l5 LD go and LD 99 values as 15.8, 19.2 and 22.8 mgBa/kg, respectively in ICR strain of mice (19). The LD 50 values were approximately the same with nitrate and acetate, but significantly different with the change of the strain of mice.…”

Section: Chemical Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Considering the LD 50 value of Ba ++ as 19.2mg/kg and that for Ca ++ as 42.4 mg/kg, the use of tracer doses of 135m Ba with a reasonably high specific activity can be regarded toxicologically safe (19). Moreover a minimum safety factor with respect to LDj and the tracer dose was maintained greater than 1000, in practice 5000.…”

Section: Bone Scanningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Barium-135m Radiopharmaceutical for Skeletal Imaging

Syed¹,

Hosain²,

Wagner³

1972

Nuklearmedizin

Self Cite

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L’étude décrit une investigation systématique à fin de développer un composé de 135mBa utilisable pour la scintigraphic osseuse. L’isotope a été produit dans un réacteur à flux élevé. La période de 1,2 jours et l’énergie des photons de 268 kev sont particulièrement favorables pour l’enrégistrement par un scanner rectiligne ou une gammacaméra. Le composé consiste en 135mBa en HCl à une activité spécifique de plus de 5mCi/mg Ba, neutralisé à un pH de 6,5 et rendu isotonique. Un facteur de sûreté de plus de 1000 pour la LDj de la substance traceur a été conservé. La dose de radiation dans le squelette était de 1,2 rad par mCi. Pour l’intestin, elle peut arriver à 4 rad par mCi. La dose traceur injectée quitte rapidement la voie sanguine et se trouve fixée à environ 60% dans le squelette tandis que 40% sont excretés de préférence par les selles. Après l’administration de laxatifs, on a obtenu des scintigraphies satisfaisantes 1 à 2 jours après administration. Le plus grand désavantage est la Pertubation par la radioactivité gastro-intestinale.

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“…25,26 The toxicity of compounds containing barium depends on their solubility, 25 that is, soluble salts are more toxic than insoluble salts. 27 The action mechanism of barium appears …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles of barium induce apoptosis in human phagocytes

Mores¹,

França²,

Silva³

et al. 2015

IJN

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Purpose Nutrients and immunological factors of breast milk are essential for newborn growth and the development of their immune system, but this secretion can contain organic and inorganic toxins such as barium. Colostrum contamination with barium is an important issue to investigate because this naturally occurring element is also associated with human activity and industrial pollution. The study evaluated the administration of barium nanoparticles to colostrum, assessing the viability and functional activity of colostral mononuclear phagocytes. Methods Colostrum was collected from 24 clinically healthy women (aged 18–35 years). Cell viability, superoxide release, intracellular Ca 2+ release, and phagocyte apoptosis were analyzed in the samples. Results Treatment with barium lowered mononuclear phagocyte viability, increased superoxide release, and reduced intracellular calcium release. In addition, barium increased cell death by apoptosis. Conclusion These data suggest that nanoparticles of barium in colostrum are toxic to cells, showing the importance of avoiding exposure to this element.

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Determination of LD50 of barium chloride and allied agents

Cited by 24 publications

References 2 publications

Systemic and Local Phenotypes of Barium Chloride Induced Skeletal Muscle Injury in Mice

Systemic and Local Phenotypes of Barium Chloride Induced Skeletal Muscle Injury in Mice

Development of Barium-135m Radiopharmaceutical for Skeletal Imaging

Nanoparticles of barium induce apoptosis in human phagocytes

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