Determination of material properties of laminates of 15T and T3 tram faces

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Section: Fig 2 Example Of Tram Bumper Shape Optimisation [4]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Validation of the Biomechanical Response of an Anthropo-morphic Testing Device (Dummy) at Low Impact Velocities

Jelen¹,

Kubový²,

Lopot³

et al. 2023

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“…The coefficient of restitution calculations, which are related to the percentage loss in internal kinetic energy of tram-dummy system, were used to provide a different approach towards studying traffic collisions, understanding and improving the reconstruction of such traffic accidents, as well as assisting in the future design and development of novel technologies to improve the pedestrian safety. The results could also improve the study of complex numerical simulations of tram-pedestrian collisions to increase the accuracy of such methods, techniques, and models [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic Analysis of the Tram-pedestrian Collision - a Preliminary Case Study.

Tomsovsky¹,

Kubový²,

Lopot³

et al. 2022

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The goal of the study was to conduct a preliminary analysis of the kinematics of tram-pedestrian collision in case of a side impact. A T6A5-type tram, travelling at the speed of 10 km/h, was used for the analysis and reconstruction of the collision. The pedestrian response was analysed using a crash-test dummy. The postimpact dummy movement was approximated by the motion of its centre of mass (COM) and only the translation movement in the frontal plane of dummy (along the horizontal and vertical axes) was considered. The results showed a significant change of coefficient of restitution after the initial impact. At first, the coefficient of restitution was high (e = 0.94), suggesting an almost perfectly elastic collision, followed by a sharp decrease (e = 0.07) within a short period of time (t = 0.02 s) that suggested an almost perfectly inelastic collision. After that, the coefficient of restitution reached a plateau phase with the values ranging from 0.18 to 0.32 and corresponding to a percentage loss of kinetic energy falling within 89 % and 97 %. The preliminary analysis of this study highlighted some features of side-impact tram-pedestrian collision and its kinematics.

Kinematic Analysis and Head Injury Criterion in a Pedestrian Collision with a Tram at the Speed of 10 and 20 km.h<sup>-1</sup>

Fanta¹,

Lopot²,

Kubový³

et al. 2022

The issue of accident analysis in relation to railway vehicles of urban mass transportation is highly accentuated at the moment. In terms of designing the frontal area of trams, adequate attention should be paid to the optimal front end design in order to reduce the risk of pedestrian injury. The properly used shape and materials can minimize the consequences of the pedestrian's contact with the vehicle, or the eventual dragging of the pedestrian under the vehicle. For the front end to be tested and optimized, it is necessary to develop and validate a pedestrian model for performing calculations even in the design preparation stage. From a historical perspective, impact tests and pedestrian protection were not paid significant attention. There should also be a methodology for data collection and evaluation across the public transit company. The data collected within the Czech Republic is inconsistent and hard to analyze. At the beginning of our research, we addressed the question of which dummy configuration with respect to the tram is most appropriate for our crash tests.