“…These methods provide high recoveries and low detection limits, but the transfer, extraction and derivatization of samples make the methods complex, time-consuming, labor-intensive and require the use of toxic organic solvents. Several alternative separation methods have been reported for the determination of HAAs, such as capillary electrophoresis (CE) [21,22], ion-chromatography (IC) [23][24][25][26][27] and liquid-chromatography (LC) with UV detection [28,29] or with mass spectrometry (MS) [30][31][32]. Although these methods provide shorter analysis time and do not require derivatization compared to GC-based methods, off-line preconcentration of samples and large injection volume are needed to comply with the minimum reporting levels required by the regulatory agencies.…”