Determination of penicillin and benzylpenicilloic acid in goat milk by enzyme immunoassays

Current bioanalytical methods for detection of penicillins

“…This strategy avoids the direct detection of penicillin G. The same methodology was used by Kress et al for analysis of a hydrolysed penicillin G derivative in goat milk. The limit of detection was 1-2 ng mL −1 [35]. This idea may have arisen from an earlier paper by Grubelnik et al who, by producing antiserum against the hydrolysed form of the β-lactam antibiotics, detected penicillin G at a level of 0.05 ng mL −1 .…”

Molecularly imprinted polymer cartridges coupled to liquid chromatography for simple and selective analysis of penicilloic acid and penilloic acid in milk by matrix solid-phase dispersion

“…Concentration ( 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 enzyme immunoassay or UPLC-MS to detect one or two of these targets (Kress et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2011). In addition, penicilloic acid has been detected in goat milk samples collected from goat milk farms in Hesse, Germany (Kress et al, 2011).…”

“…In addition, penicilloic acid has been detected in goat milk samples collected from goat milk farms in Hesse, Germany (Kress et al, 2011). Li et al found that penicilloic acid is stable in the form of salts or esters in neutral solutions, however, under high temperature, acidity and in presence of b-lactamase, penicilloic acid is unstable, thereby it could not be used as a standard for accurate analysis of penicilloic acid by b-lactamase using UPLC-ESI-TOF-MS .…”

“…Analytical methods for detecting penicillin in milk samples have been widely developed in recent years (Karageorgou et al, 2012;Karageorgou and Samanidou, 2011;Grunwald and Petz, 2003;Pereira et al, 2013;Gaudin et al, 2001). A few studies reported the detection of its degradation products or metabolite in milk (Kress et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2010;. Some of them used the enzyme immunoassay methods for the detection of penicilloic acid.…”

“…Some of them used the enzyme immunoassay methods for the detection of penicilloic acid. The results showed that penicilloic acid could be detected in goat milk samples collected from goat milk farms in Hesse, Germany; furthermore, one sample was detected with an extremely high concentration of penicilloic acid (Kress et al, 2011). The enzyme immunoassay methods are quick, easy and economical, but they lack specificity and are prone to false-positives from preservatives in milk (Liu et al, 2014;Molina et al, 2003;Zeng et al, 1996).…”