Determination of polyethylene glycols of different molecular weight in the stratum corneum

Jakaša, Ivone; Calkoen, F.; Kežić, Sanja

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.08.037

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The gas chromatographic method for determination of PEGs and the spectrophotometrical method for analysis of proteins in tape strips have been described extensively elsewhere (14,15). Briefly, 2 ml of methanol (J. T. Baker, Deventer, the Netherlands) was added to the vials and shaken for 1 h (TPM‐2 shaker‐Sarstedt, Numbrecht, Germany) to extract PEGs from the tapes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased permeability for polyethylene glycols through skin compromised by sodium lauryl sulphate

Jakaša

Verberk

Bunge

et al. 2006

Experimental Dermatology

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In this in vivo human study we assessed the influence of skin damage by sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) on percutaneous penetration of polyethylene glycols (PEGs) of different molecular weights (MW). Percutaneous penetration of PEGs was determined using tape stripping of the stratum corneum (SC). The forearm skin of volunteers was pretreated with 5% w/w SLS for 4 h, and 24 h later patches with PEGs were applied for 6 h. The penetration parameters were deduced by data regression to Fick's law for unsteady-state diffusion. The trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) increased after SLS treatment from 6.3 +/- 2.1 to 17.9 +/- 8.7 g/m(2)/h. The diffusion coefficient for all PEGs was increased in the SLS-damaged skin. The increase was smaller for higher MW. In addition, the partition coefficient of PEGs between SC and water was larger in the SLS-compromised skin and showed a tendency to increase with MW. The permeability coefficient decreased gradually with increasing MW of PEGs in both control and SLS-compromised skin. SLS caused a threefold increase in the permeability coefficient for all MWs ranging in control skin from 0.34 to 0.70 x 10(-5) cm/h and in the SLS-compromised skin from 1.20 to 2.09 x 10(-5) cm/h for MW of 590-282 Da. The results of this study show the deleterious effect of SLS on the skin barrier for hydrophilic PEGs. A defective skin barrier will facilitate absorption of other chemicals and local skin effects.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased permeability for polyethylene glycols through skin compromised by sodium lauryl sulphate

Jakaša

Verberk

Bunge

et al. 2006

Experimental Dermatology

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“…The gas chromatographic method for the determination of PEGs in tape strips have been described in detail elsewhere (Jakasa et al, 2004). Briefly, the method is based on extraction of PEGs from the tape strips with methanol (J.T.…”

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Penetration of Polyethylene Glycols into Uninvolved Skin of Atopic Dermatitis Patients

Jakaša

Verberk

Esposito

et al. 2007

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

113

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Involved regions of the skin in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients have an altered barrier function. Whether uninvolved skin also has a diminished barrier is controversial. To assess the barrier function of uninvolved skin in AD patients, the percutaneous penetration of polyethylene glycols (PEGs) of various molecular sizes was determined in vivo in AD patients and control subjects using tape stripping of the stratum corneum (SC). The diffusion and partition coefficients were determined using Fick's second law of diffusion. The SC thickness was similar in both groups; however, the trans-epidermal water loss was higher in atopic skin. The apparent diffusion coefficient of PEGs through atopic skin was twice as high as through normal skin, and decreased with increasing molecular weight (MW) in both groups. The partition coefficient in the skin of AD patients was half of that for normal skin but as for normal skin, there was no MW dependency. Although atopic skin exhibited altered barrier with respect to diffusion and partitioning, the permeability coefficients were nearly the same for atopic and normal skin. The results support the assumption of altered skin barrier of AD patients even in the skin that is visibly unaffected by disease.

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“…A popular tracer for size measurements is poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), being highly water-soluble, nontoxic, available in a wide range of well-defined molecular weights, and overall intensely studied and well understood (41)(42)(43). Size-dependent PEG diffusion has been used to probe confinement dimensions in a variety of situations (44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56), including bicelles (57).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size of Bicelle Defects Probed via Diffusion Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of PEG

Soong

Majonis

Macdonald

2009

Biophysical Journal

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Diffusion of various poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) tracers of well-defined molecular weight and narrow polydispersity confined within the aqueous interstices between positively magnetically aligned bicelles was measured using pulsed-field-gradient (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance. The bicelles consisted of mixtures of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG), and dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine (DHPC) in the molar ratios q = [100 DMPC +5 DMPG]/[DHPC] = 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5, to which Yb(3+) had been added in the ratio 1:75 Yb(3+)/phospholipid. The field gradients were applied such that diffusion was measured in the direction parallel to the normal to the bicelles' planar regions, thereby rendering the experiment sensitive to the ability of PEG to traverse lamellar defects within the bicelles. The pulsed-field-gradient nuclear magnetic resonance diffusive intensity decays were diffusion-time-independent in all cases, with diffusive displacements corresponding to many hundreds of bicellar lamellae. This permitted a description of such diffusive decays in terms of a mean behavior involving a combination of straight obstruction effects common to all PEG, with hindrance to diffusion proportional to the relative size of a given PEG with respect to the size of the lamellar defects. Across the range of PEG molecular weights (200-4600) and bicelle compositions examined, the apparent radial dimension of the lamellar defects decreased from 165 A with q = 3.5 to 125 A with q = 5.5. This is opposite to the trend predicted from static geometric models of either bicelle disks or perforated lamellae. Qualitatively, the observed trend suggests that mobility of the obstructions to diffusion will need to be considered to reconcile these differences.

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Determination of polyethylene glycols of different molecular weight in the stratum corneum

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Increased permeability for polyethylene glycols through skin compromised by sodium lauryl sulphate

Increased permeability for polyethylene glycols through skin compromised by sodium lauryl sulphate

Altered Penetration of Polyethylene Glycols into Uninvolved Skin of Atopic Dermatitis Patients

Size of Bicelle Defects Probed via Diffusion Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of PEG

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