Determination of pyrethroid insecticide residues in vegetable oils by using combined solid-phases extraction and tandem mass spectrometry detection

Pesticide Residue Analysis in Animal Origin Food: Procedure Proposal and Evaluation for Lipophilic Pesticides

“…After successive tests, it was concluded that acid removed fat with efficiency but it showed problems because of the partial (e.g., Heptachlor to exo and endo HCEs) or total (e.g., and Endosulfan) degradation of some analytes, as well as inconsistent recovery values for others; supporting what had been described by Esteve-Turrillas et al [12] and Przybylski et al [26] previously.…”

“…[12][13], solid phase micro-extraction [14], matrix solid phase dispersion [15] and supercritical fluid extraction [16]; (ii) clean-up by normal phase liquid chromatography (NPLC) [17] and/or gel permeation chromatography (GPC) [18][19], solid phase extraction (SPE) [20][21], and dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) [22]; (iii) concentration according to analytical technique. In recent years, QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) methodology (used for extraction and clean-up steps) has been applied with success on several non-fatty (< 2 %) food matrices such fruits and vegetables [23][24] and low-fatty (2-20 %) food matrices, such milk, egg and avocado [25].…”

Simultaneous determination of pyrethroids from pesticide residues in porcine muscle and pasteurized milk using GC

“…Pyrethroids (PYR), the synthetic analogues of natural compounds derived from chrysanthemum flowers [1], are among the most potent insecticides and are widely used for insect pest control in fruits, vegetables, and crops [2], as well as to control ecto-and endo-parasites on animals [3]. PYRs can contaminate food products; possible sources of contamination include: (i) food products containing high levels of PYR residues from post-harvest treatment; (ii) food products manufactured from plant materials that have been treated with insecticides during the growing season; (iii) the use of insecticides directly on animals; and (iv) the use of insecticides in stables and in milk processing factories [3].…”

Miniaturized matrix solid‐phase dispersion combined with ultrasound‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of three pyrethroids in soil

“…Hence, sample pretreatment and enrichment process become crucial steps in the analytical procedure to obtain accurate and sensitive results. Until now, several methods for sample pretreatments prior to chromatographic separation have been described, such as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) [12,13], microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) [6], ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) [14], solid-phase extraction (SPE) [15], solidphase microextraction (SPME) [16,17], stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) [18] and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) [19]. Although each method above has its advantages, most of these procedures suffer from several disadvantages such as large amounts of poisonous organic solvent, tedious procedure, employment of costly apparatus or low enrichment factors (EFs).…”