Determination of quinolone residues in chicken and fish by capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry

Abstract

A specific pressure-assisted CE-MS method is described for the analysis of five quinolone residues. MS using a single quadrupole is compared with multiple-stage MS using a quadrupole IT (QIT-MS(n)). The procedure involves a common sample preparation by SPE on disposable cartridges. The most suitable electrolyte is 60 mM (NH(4))(2)CO(3) at pH 9.2. Single quadrupole does not provide enough fragmentation to confirm identities according to the current legislation. However, QIT-MS(n) achieves selective fragmentation. Using this method, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, flumequine, ofloxacin, and pipemidic acid are analyzed in fortified samples of chicken and fish. Recoveries at levels of 50 ng/g were 62-99%, except for flumequine, which gives recoveries > or =45%. RSDs are from 9 to 16% and the LOD is equal (20 ng/g) for the five analytes. Confirmation of the quinolones' identity is achieved using QIT-MS(3). Forty samples of chicken and fish taken from different local markets are analyzed. Enrofloxacin is also determined in incurred chicken muscle using this method.

Investigation of antibiotics in mollusks from coastal waters in the Bohai Sea of China

“…The dry-weight-based concentrations of 22 antibiotics, including quinolones, sulfonamides and macrolides, are listed in (Juan-Garcia et al, 2006). The mean concentrations of QNs in the mollusks were in the order of "NOR > OFL > CIP > FLE > SAR > LOM > ENR > DIF".…”

“…QNs were rarely analyzed in mollusks around the world, while some data in other seafood species were available (Juan-Garcia et al, 2007;Zhao et al, 2007). NOR, OFL, CIP and ENR were often detected in fish samples.…”

“…As the most common antibiotics, quinolones (QNs), sulfonamides (SAs) and macrolides (MCs) have been found in different environmental compartments, such as water (Ternes et al, 2007), sewage sludge (Golet et al, 2002), sediments (Arikan et al, 2008), and soils (Hu et al, 2010;Tamtam et al, 2011), and in foods (Nie et al, 2009) and animals (Juan-Garcia et al, 2007). An increasing number of analytical methods have been developed for animals and foods, while only very limited information is available for the occurrence and fate of antibiotics, especially for marine system such as gulf, bay or sea, where many pollutants have been concerned to a great extent due to their transfers to open sea .…”

Highly sensitive detection of five typical fluoroquinolones in low‐fat milk by field‐enhanced sample injection‐based CE in bubble cell capillary

“…Considering its compatibility with MS, the BGE should be composed of volatile salts, for example ammonium carbonate [40]. However, the chosen FQs cannot be separated completely by using ammonium carbonate (data not shown).…”

Simultaneous determination of the residues of fourteen quinolones and fluoroquinolones in fish samples using liquid chromatography with photometric and fluorescence detection

“…Their extensive administration to fish, destined for human consumption, has become a serious problem because their residues can persist in edible animal tissues. Quinolones may be directly toxic or be a source of resistant human pathogens, representing a possible risk to human health (Juan-García et al 2006).…”