Determination of some nonmetals by using diatomic molecular absorbance in a hot graphite furnace

A fast and accurate method for the determination of total and soluble fluorine in toothpaste using high-resolution graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry and its comparison with established techniques

“…The method was based on the formation of the gaseous molecule AlF in a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame and the measurement of its absorption at 227.45 nm using the radiation emitted from a Pt hallow cathode lamp. Basic investigations about the possibility to determine non-metals, such as fluorine, using the absorption bands of their diatomic molecules formed in flames and furnaces had already been carried out in the late 1970s and early 1980s by Tsunoda et al [27] and Dittrich et al [28][29][30]. In all these studies conventional atomic absorption spectrometers equipped with hollow cathode lamps and/or a deuterium lamp were used.…”

“…In all these studies conventional atomic absorption spectrometers equipped with hollow cathode lamps and/or a deuterium lamp were used. The relatively low resolution of these spectrometers and the limited background correction possibilities, however, resulted in a variety of problems, so that this approach has never found any wider application [30].…”

Determination of phosphorus, sulfur and the halogens using high-temperature molecular absorption spectrometry in flames and furnaces—A review

“…The first work on MAS using a graphite furnace was published by Dittrich [74] in 1978, who carefully investigated the molecular absorption of gallium and indium halides using electrothermal vaporization (ETV) and a H 2 hollow cathode lamp (HCL) as the radiation source in a dual-channel instrument. Dittrich [75] also wrote the only review article about the analytical application of spectra of diatomic molecules; later, Dittrich et al [76] gave a survey about their work in this field using a graphite furnace for ETV. Table 1 gives an overview of the methods used for the determination of non-metals and the characteristic mass or concentration and LOD that have been reported using MAS and conventional mediumresolution atomic absorption spectrometers.…”

Determination of sulfur in crude oil using high-resolution continuum source molecular absorption spectrometry of the SnS molecule in a graphite furnace

“…In this situation, the molecule is formed upon the addition of a molecule-forming reagent in large excess and independent of the carbon source, different from the CS molecule. Among the molecules that can be formed at high temperature, tin mono-sulfide (SnS) shows the characteristics of a diatomic molecule that can be used in MAS: i) a dissociation energy higher than 400 kJ mol -1 (467 kJ mol -1 SnS); ii) an absorption range isolated from other absorption lines; iii) high absorption coefficients when evaporated or generated in the vapor phase [23].…”